Background/Objectives: The use of rehabilitation interventions is critical in addressing health and economic outcomes, including return to work (RTW) facilitation for individuals with disabilities. However, the economic evaluation of these interventions has been found to lack consistency, with limited adherence to reporting standards and little focus on integrated approaches. This scoping review will map the existing evidence on the economic evaluations of rehabilitation interventions and their implications for return to work (RTW) programs. Methods: A systematic search of databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify studies that provided full economic evaluations of rehabilitation interventions related to RTW. Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, 11 studies were ultimately included. Data extraction included the model type, cost-effectiveness models, adherence to CHEERS reporting guidelines, and implications for RTW. Results: The majority of studies examined medical or psychological interventions, with little representation of vocational or integrated approaches. ICERs differed greatly between studies based on methodologies and healthcare settings. The reporting of heterogeneity, uncertainty analysis, and societal perspectives were some of the gaps identified from adherence to CHEERS guidelines. Conclusions: Economic evaluations show that rehabilitation interventions can be cost-effective for improving RTW outcomes. Future research priorities include interdisciplinary approaches, standardized methodologies, and studies based on LMICs to address global disparities.

Background: Return to work (RTW) is a fundamental aspect of recovery after stroke, importantly, for workers of working age. Evidence indicates there is little known about the clinical and systematic predictors of RTW in Hungary. We aimed to determine the independent predictors of RTW for stroke survivors using aggregate hospital data and expert opinion. Methods: A mixed-method study using aggregated national level administrative data from the Pulvita platform (the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary) and expert interpretation from the physicians who treat stroke survivors. The data analyzed 13,572 inpatient records for stroke hospitalizations from 2015–2024 across Hungarian counties. Results: Stroke severity, cognitive and psychological recovery, and presence of comorbidities were important clinical predictors of RTW. Rehabilitation intensity was greater for people aged 51–65 years, and work-age men appeared to have slightly better access to rehabilitation compared to work-aged women. Patients accessed more medical rehabilitation services than they did occupational or psychosocial services. Access to rehabilitation services may have varied geographically, with patients in counties such as Budapest and Pest having better access due to higher provider availability and cross-county patient movement. In addition, economic extrapolations from the literature on post-stroke care costs may have introduced bias in estimating annual social productivity losses, reported as EUR 19,953 per patient. Conclusions: Clinical and economic factors both impact RTW potential among stroke survivors in Hungary. Although rehabilitation intensity can indicate likelihood of RTW, the lack of a national RTW program acts as a significant barrier to RTW for stroke survivors. This study suggests a need for integrated rehabilitation and RTW systems, with associated future research linking clinical, economic, and labor market status data to develop effective and efficient policy for stroke survivors.

Priming activity of plant-based allelochemicals is advanced research nowadays meaning a high potential in sustainable agriculture. The ELICE16INDURES ^® (RIMPH LTD, Hungary) plant conditioner of CO ₂ botanical extracts is rich in plant-active ingredients such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and flavonoids formulated in small multilamellar liposomes. This product was investigated in autumn barley (Hordeum vulgare) . Field experiments of ELICE16INDURES showed augmented NDVI values interconnected with higher photosynthetic activity and yield increase. Background of the better vitality of plants was investigated by whole genomic gene expression profiling and showed an enhanced response to wounding, jasmonic acid, oxidative detoxification, and chloroplast activity. Among top50 differentially expressed genes the TIFY domain protein TIFY11B and RHOMBOID-like protein 2 related to JA signaling were up-regulated in field-collected samples. Phytotron experiments of barley were set up to validate and evaluate the transcriptomic effect of ELICE16INDURES. Well-studied priming active agents such as salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid were compared with ELICE16INDURES and confirmed as priming inducer material with positive regulation of TIFY11B, TIFY3B, TIFY9, TIF10A, and RHOMBOID like protein 2 by using NGS GEx and RT-qPCR methods. One-sentence summary: ELICE16INDURES ^® is a plant conditioner agent with a high amount of allelochemicals encapsulated into small multilamellar liposomes and found as an immune priming activator tested in H. vulgare field and phytotron cultures.

The prevalence of hypoxia-caused eye diseases is increasing, but effective, non-invasive treatment options are not available. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. ABA is also present in various mammalian tissues and plays an important role in metabolic processes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential protective role of ABA eye drops in ischemic retinopathy. Retinal ischemia was induced by permanent unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) in mice. Half of the animals received ABA eye drops two times a day for two weeks. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to follow the changes in retinal thickness. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology methods were used to explore the morphological changes and the underlying mechanisms, respectively. Based on OCT measurements, ischemic retinopathy was successfully developed. The decrease in the thickness of numerous retinal layers could be prevented with ABA eye drops. The ganglion cell number decreased significantly after UCCAO in the central and peripheral regions of the retina. ABA treatment could moderate the damage in both regions. Furthermore, our apoptosis array results suggest that ABA regulates the apoptotic pathways under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, ABA eye drops may represent a new potential therapeutic option for the treatment of ischemic retinopathy.