Sealing treatment is widely used as a simple and low-cost process to improve the long-term corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings. In this study, an eco-friendly graphene modified waterborne acrylic sealant(WFS) with strong permeability was prepared by emulsion polymerization and GO@SiO₂ was introduced as a reinforcing material to increase the withstand resistance of the hybrid sealant to Cl⁻. A combination of ultrasonic excitation and vacuum sealing effectively promotes the penetration of the waterborne hybrid sealant into the pores of the coating. A 3D X-ray scan confirmed the sealant penetration depth of 160 μm. The natural properties of the emulsion were characterized by a particle size analyzer, FTIR, TGA-DSC and TEM. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and AC impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that GO@SiO₂ has a strong blocking ability to Cl⁻, which greatly promotes the integrity of the passive film. It is anticipated that the novel eco-friendly waterborne hybrid sealants with strong permeability will find applications in a variety of porous hard coatings.

This study examined a novel ethoxy-segment-regulated hydrophobic associative amphiphilic copolymer, P(AA-AAEO_n), and systematically evaluated its solution self-assembly behavior and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) performance. The influence of ethylene oxide (EO) chain length and polymer concentration on particle size distribution and aggregation morphology was analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results revealed a concentration-dependent transition from intramolecular to intermolecular association, accompanied by a characteristic decrease followed by an increase in hydrodynamic diameter. At a fixed AA:AAEO_n molar ratio (400:1), increasing EO segment length increased aggregate size and improved colloidal stability. Viscometric analysis showed that longer EO chains markedly increased molecular chain flexibility and solution viscosity. Interfacial tension measurements demonstrated superior interfacial activity of P(AA-AAEO_n) compared to polyacrylic acid (PAA), and longer EO chains further reduced oil–water interfacial tension. Emulsification tests verified its strong ability to emulsify crude oil. Sandpack flooding experiments and micromodel studies demonstrated effective conformance control and high displacement efficiency, achieving up to 30.65% incremental oil recovery. These findings offered essential insights for designing hydrophobic associative polymers with tunable interfacial properties for EOR applications.

Efficient utilization of agricultural residues plays an important role in advancing sustainable bioenergy development in China. This study established a multi-criteria evaluation framework integrating energy quality, economic performance, and environmental impact to assess three representative straw-to-energy pathways: direct combustion for power generation, anaerobic digestion for biogas production, and lignocellulosic ethanol production. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine indicator weights and calculate composite scores using operational and pilot-scale data obtained for each pathway. The results showed that anaerobic biogas achieved the highest overall performance (composite score 0.41), with balanced performance in economic viability, energy utilization efficiency, and environmental performance. Direct combustion demonstrated favorable economic performance (0.37) but exhibited higher process emissions, whereas lignocellulosic ethanol showed superior environmental performance but suffered from low energy conversion efficiency and negative economic returns (0.00). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the pathway ranking and highlighted the dominant influence of economic and energy-related indicators on the overall sustainability assessment. The study demonstrated that anaerobic biogas exhibited the most balanced performance among the evaluated pathways under the investigated technological and economic conditions, while integrated biorefining approaches, such as co-production of ethanol and biogas, showed potential for further enhancing resource efficiency and sustainability.