Background: Lips and mouth are the most recognizable parts of the lower face. The morphometry of the facial organs is important for the balance of the face. Besides congenital anomalies occur on the lips, some kinds of deformities might be seen because of trauma or carcinoma. In this respect, lips are in the study of plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics. Lip morphology also takes an important role in forensic facial reconstruction (facial approximation). Materials and Methods: Twenty parameters on the soft tissue and 12 parameters on the hard tissue were measured on three dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images belonging 50 individuals (25 female, mean age 35.40 ± 9.97; 25 male, mean age 34.32 ± 11.06). Results: Statistical significance was observed on 4 parameters measured at soft tissue and 6 parameters measured in hard tissue. Statistical significance was not seen between the measurements taken bilaterally. Fourteen equations were developed in order to estimate the lip morphometry using the morphometric traits of hard tissue. Conclusion: We hope that the results of current study will be useful at surgery and forensic sciences.

Objectives: The adaptation of the knowledge and skills acquired in preclinical medical education to the clinics by vertical integration would be more permanent when combined with clinical skills. The aim of the study was to determine the needs of the students in clinical internship education on anatomy and to plan the relevant anatomy subjects before clinical internships by rearranging the curriculum as needed. Methods: The study was carried out on a questionnaire form applied to 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade students of Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine. In addition to demographic information, 16 multiple-choice and open-ended evaluation questions were asked in the questionnaire. Results: 335 students participated in the study. 84.4% of the participants reported that they had needed basic anatomy knowledge and they had to study again before the clinical internship. 69.59% of the participants stated that among the courses taken in the basic sciences education period, anatomy should be integrated into the clinical internships. 88.24% of the participants stated that anatomy education should be integrated before starting clinical internships in the surgical departments. Conclusion: As a result of the feedback received from the students with the current study, it was seen that some of the anatomy information obtained during the preclinical basic sciences period was forgotten until the clinical internship period and they should be remembered again. We support that integrated clinical anatomy lessons should be taken into the clinical education period.

The glenopolar angle is a helpful criterion for recommending operative treatment. This study aims to determine the morphometric features of the scapula and provide essential information that supplies scapular biomechanics to produce a formula. The study was carried out on 34 dry scapulae in the laboratory of the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University. We used calipers for the linear measurements and the ImageJ program for the area and angle parameters. A total of 23 parameters were evaluated in the study. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 22.0 software. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the highest correlation value of (R=0.957) was found to be the distance between the superior angle (angulus superior)-top of the glenoid plane and the inferior angle (angulus inferior)-the top of the glenoid plane. To estimate the glenopolar angle, we applied linear regression analysis and developed the following formula: Glenopolar angle =115.589 - (6.401 x the distance between the coracoid process and the top of the glenoid cavity) - (0.368 x angle between the glenoid plane and the lateral edge of the scapula extending towards the endpoint of the glenoid plane) (Adjusted R²=0.667). Glenopolar angle can provide information about the fracture risk of the glenoid cavity and allows orthopedic surgeons to make quick decisions about the risk in the region. We believe that the study will provide a different perspective on designing different products in industrial designs for shoulder joints, especially in implantations.

Tr en Adlî antropoloji, adlî tıp yararına insan iskelet kalıntılarından etnik grup, cinsiyet, boy ve vücut tipi özelliklerini belirleyen önemli bir bilim dalıdır. Adlî antropolojinin önemli görevlerinden biri de iskelet kalıntılarından bireyin boyunu belirlemektir. Boy tahmini kullanımında çoğunlukla alt ekstremite kemikleri tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, kırık bir tibia parçası bulunması durumunda tibianın tüm uzunluğunu tahmin etmek için regresyon formülleri geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı’nda bulunan ve Nicaea antik kentinde çıkarılmış olan 148 tibia üzerinde yürütüldü. Kemiklerinde toplam on sekiz parametre incelendi. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS 22.0 kullanıldı. Kemiklere ait tanımlayıcı istatistik değerleri incelendi. Tibianın proksimal ve distal morfometrik özellikleri ile tüm tibia uzunluğu arasındaki korelasyonlar dikkate alınarak tibianın tüm uzunluğunu belirlemek için regresyon formülleri geliştirildi. Bu çalışmada, etnik grupların morfometrik özelliklerinin birbirinden farklı olduğunu ve bu nedenle bir etnik grup için belirlenen formüllerin kullanımının diğer etnik gruplar için hata payını artırabileceğini değerlendirdik. Ek olarak, tüm tibianın uzunluğunu tahmin eden formüller geliştirdik ve çalışmanın sonuçlarının hem antropoloji hem de adlî tıp için büyük önem taşıyacağı kanaatindeyiz. Forensic anthropology is an important scientific discipline that determines the ethnicity, sex, height and body type characteristics from human skeletal remains for the benefit of forensic medicine. One of the important tasks of forensic anthropology is to determine the stature of individual from their skeletal remains. Lower extremities are mostly preferred in estimating stature. The current study aims to develop regression formulas to estimate the entire length of the tibia in case a fragmentary tibia is found. The study was conducted on 148 tibiae excavated from the ancient city of Nicaea and are housed in the Department Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University. In total, eighteen parameters were examined on the tibiae. SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analyses. The descriptive statistics of the tibiae were evaluated. Taking the correlations between proximal and distal morphometric traits of the tibia and the entire tibial length into consideration, regression formulas were developed to determine the entire length of the tibia. In this study, we evaluated that the morphometric characteristics of ethnic groups are different from each other and therefore the use of formulas determined for one group can increase the margin of error for other groups. In addition, we developed formulas that estimate the length of the entire tibia. We believe that the results of this study will be of great importance for both anthropology and forensic medicine.