Background: There are major changes in education strategies as higher education institutions urgently need to adopt distance education tools and practices due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Medical education is also trying to get out of this emergency using distance education. In this study, we aimed to develop a reliable and valid scale in order to evaluate the perceptions of medical students towards distance education.Methods: The students taking part in the study were in the first five academic years of the medical faculty in Bursa in Turkey. At first, 57 items were determined to evaluate students’ perceptions. Content validity was examined according to the assessment of the expert team. Construct validity of these items was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated for reliability analysis. The medical students’ responses were scored using a five-point Likert scale.Results: When the content validity was examined, the number of items was determined to be 38 items. Construct validity of these items was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Because of the exploratory factor analysis performed on the responses of 429 medical students, 22 items were included in four factors. This four-factor model was applied to 286 medical students and validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated for reliability analysis and values were between 0.713 and 0.930.Conclusions: This study demonstrated validation and reliability of perceptions of distance education for medical students. We suggest a 22-item model with a four-factorial scale.

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the discriminatory ability of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS)-age-systolic blood pressure (GAP) score and modified early warning scoring system (mEWS) score for 4-week mortality, for the patients being in the triage category 1 and 2 who refer to Emergency Department (ED). Five hundred and two nontraumatic cases being in the triage category 1 and 2 who were ≥18-year-old and who referred to ED were assessed prospectively. Reason of referral, fashion of referral, age, gender, vital signs, GCS/alert/verbal/painful/unresponsive scores, consultations, diagnoses, and treatments and final outcome (hospitalization, transfer, discharge, treatment rejection, and exitus) were recorded. The mEWS and GAP scores and the mortality ratios of the cases were calculated by observing both in ED and 4-week survivals of the patients. When the mEWS and GAP scores were compared in the prediction of 4-week mortality, no statistically significant difference was found between them (P > 0.05). The power of mortality estimation was found significant for both scoring systems (for both; P< 0.001). GAP score with a simple use being a score developed for the estimation of mortality of trauma patients seems to be usable also for the nontraumatic patients with triage category 1-2 in the ED.

Objectives: The adaptation of the knowledge and skills acquired in preclinical medical education to the clinics by vertical integration would be more permanent when combined with clinical skills. The aim of the study was to determine the needs of the students in clinical internship education on anatomy and to plan the relevant anatomy subjects before clinical internships by rearranging the curriculum as needed. Methods: The study was carried out on a questionnaire form applied to 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade students of Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine. In addition to demographic information, 16 multiple-choice and open-ended evaluation questions were asked in the questionnaire. Results: 335 students participated in the study. 84.4% of the participants reported that they had needed basic anatomy knowledge and they had to study again before the clinical internship. 69.59% of the participants stated that among the courses taken in the basic sciences education period, anatomy should be integrated into the clinical internships. 88.24% of the participants stated that anatomy education should be integrated before starting clinical internships in the surgical departments. Conclusion: As a result of the feedback received from the students with the current study, it was seen that some of the anatomy information obtained during the preclinical basic sciences period was forgotten until the clinical internship period and they should be remembered again. We support that integrated clinical anatomy lessons should be taken into the clinical education period.

Background and Aim. The nonsatisfaction among emergency medicine specialty trainees is an underrated issue in Turkey. Several previous studies have evaluated the burn-out and its consequences among physicians, but there is no study conducted with specialty trainees. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reasons for resignation among emergency medicine specialty residents in Turkey.Method. A total of 41 participants, who resigned from emergency medicine residency, were contacted by phone and invited to complete an online survey that included 25 questions about personal characteristics and departmental information.Results. Most frequent reasons of resignation were violence/security concerns (63.4%), busy work environment (53.7%), and mobbing (26.8%). Participants who reported that they have resigned due to inadequate training were mostly over 30 years old (p=0.02), continued more than 6 months to EMST (p<0.001), reported that there was no regular rotation program (p=0.003) or access to full-text scientific journals (p=0.045) in their department. All participants thought that there were deficits in the training programs, and none of them declared regret for resigning. Twenty-eight participants (68.2%) continued their specialty training at a different discipline after resignation.Conclusion. Major barriers against a high-quality and sustainable emergency medicine residency are violence in emergency services, mobbing in academic or administrative bodies, and inaccessibility to scientific resources. These obstacles can only be removed by cooperation of multiple institutions in Turkey.

Aim. Injuries are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world, and effective initial triage of these patients can determine the thin line between death and life. Tractor accidents and related injuries are significant problems particularly in rural areas. However, major trauma classification systems do not include tractor accidents as a criterion for trauma team activation or transportation of the patients to a trauma center. This study evaluated the general characteristics and outcomes of tractor accidents in comparison to motorcycle accidents, which are considered as a comparison criterion for major trauma. Materials and Methods. This is a multicenter study conducted in 6 emergency departments in 4 cities over a six month period. All cases over 18 years of age who were admitted to emergency service due to tractor or motorcycle accidents and meet the criteria were included in the study. The general characteristics and outcomes of both trauma types were compared to determine whether tractor accident should be considered as major traumas. Results. Eighty-eight patients had a tractor accident, and 339 patients had a motorcycle accident. The tractor accident victims were significantly younger (p<0.001), and the proportion of females was higher in this group (p=0.001). Glasgow coma score (p=0.062), revised trauma score (p=0.201), duration from incident to admission (p=0.481), and route of admission (p=0.810) were similar between both accident types. The rates of thoracic traumas (42% versus 23%, p<0.001) and spinal injuries (17% versus 5.9%, p=0.002) were significantly higher in tractor accidents. The hospitalization rates of the patients were significantly higher in tractor accidents (p=0.008). Conclusion. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that tractor accidents should be included in the criteria of ATLS major trauma classification system and trauma team activation procedures.

The migration intentions of medical students, often referred to as “brain drain,” pose a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide.