To investigate the changes in the spleen size, parenchymal heterogeneity, and computed tomography (CT) texture analysis features of patients diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Methods: The size and parenchymal structure of the spleen in 91 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination due to COVID-19 were evaluated. For the evaluation of parenchymal heterogeneity, CT texture analysis was performed using dedicated software (Olea Medical, France). The texture analysis of each case consisted of 15 first-order intensity-based features, 17 gray level co-occurrence matrix-based features, and 9 gray level run length matrix-based features. A total of 91 patients (45 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 54.31±16.33 years (range: 18?81) were included in the study. A statistically significant decrease in spleen size was seen in the follow-up CT examinations (p < 0.001) whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values. The radiomics consisted of first-order intensity-based features such as 90th percentile, maximum, interquartile range, range, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation, and variance, all of which showed statistically significant differences (p-values: < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). ?Correlation? as a gray level co-occurrence matrix-based feature and ?gray level non-uniformity? as a gray level run length matrix-based feature showed statistically differences (p-values: 0.033 and < 0.001, respectively). Although COVID-19 manifests with lung involvement in the early stage, it can also cause systemic involvement, and the spleen may be one of its target organs. A decrease in the spleen size and parenchymal microstructure changes can be observed in the short follow-up time. It is hoped that the changes in the parenchymal microstructure will be demonstrated by a non-invasive method: texture analysis.

Background: This study aims to systematically evaluate the findings from computed tomography (CT) examinations conducted at least three months post-diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients diagnosed between 2020 and 2024. Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of CT findings in the post-COVID-19 period, analyze long-term effects on lung parenchyma, and contribute to the development of clinical follow-up and treatment strategies based on the collected data. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval was obtained for this retrospective study, and individual consent was waived. A total of 76 patients were included in the study, aged 18 and older, diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and November 2024, who underwent follow-up chest CT scans at 3–6 months, 6–12 months, and/or 12 months post-diagnosis. CT images were obtained in the supine position without contrast and evaluated by two experienced radiologists using a CT severity score (CT-SS) system, which quantifies lung involvement. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 23.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The results indicated a mean CT-SS of 10.58 ± 0.659. Significant associations were found between age, CT scores, and the necessity for intensive care or mechanical ventilation. The most common CT findings included ground-glass opacities, reticular patterns, and traction bronchiectasis, particularly increasing with age and over time. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the persistent alterations in lung parenchyma following COVID-19, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and tailored treatment strategies for affected patients to improve long-term outcomes.

Aim: Our aim was to gain an idea about testicular injury by comparing the reduced volume, which is one of the indirect indicators of testicular damage in undescended testes, and by evaluating the reduced microvascular blood flow by superb microvascular imaging, and also to determine whether superb microvascular imaging modes could detect microvascular blood flow in more detail in the decreased volume of undescended testes. Material and methods: We compared testicular blood flow in undescended testes via conventional Doppler imaging, color superb microvascular imaging, and monochrome superb microvascular imaging techniques with contralateral normally located testis and normal control group. Each sample of testicular tissue was evaluated using a qualitative method. Spot color encoding and linear flow color encoding counts determined in testicular parenchyma were counted separately and expressed as numerical data. The localization of the examined testes in the grayscale was noted (proximal inguinal canal, medial inguinal canal, distal inguinal canal, and scrotal). The volume of undescended testes was calculated automatically via a formula for volume. Results: Monochrome superb microvascular imaging is significantly superior in visualizing the vascularity of undescended testes compared with color Doppler, power Doppler and color superb microvascular imaging (p = 0.001). Also, undescended testes have a significantly lower blood flow compared with contralateral normal testes (p = 0.001). The volume of undescended testes was significantly lower than the contralateral normal testes. Conclusions: The volume, structure and blood flow are indirect signs of testicular damage in undescended testes. Monochrome superb microvascular imaging can detect vascularity in undescended testes better than the conventional Doppler imaging technique and color superb microvascular imaging. Based on our findings, we can report that monochrome superb microvascular imaging can be used to evaluate testicular injury and vascularity of undescended testes.