Flavonoids, plant-derived compounds widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, also exhibit significant antiviral effects against various animal viruses. This review highlights the promising antiviral mechanisms of flavonoids, which include disrupting viral replication, blocking cell entry, and modulating immune responses. Notably, flavonoids like quercetin, kaempferol, and genistein have been shown to effectively inhibit viruses of veterinary importance, such as African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), among others. Although most studies demonstrate efficacy in vitro, the limited in vivo research underscores the need to further explore flavonoids' antiviral potential in real-world applications. The immunomodulatory effects observed in some cases, where flavonoids regulate cytokine expression and reduce inflammation, suggest a dual action that could benefit both antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses. This body of research suggests that flavonoids could provide an option for managing animal viral infections. Yet, standardized methodologies and more in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings for veterinary use.

The increasing resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to the only approved chemical family of drugs for treatment, the 5-nitroimidazoles, has prompted the exploration of new therapeutic agents against this prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection. Natural products have emerged as a significant source of novel treatments for trichomoniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-T. vaginalis activity of citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), the main constituent of the essential oil of Cymbopogon species, commonly known as lemongrass. Our findings indicate that citral exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 μM, effectively inhibiting the growth of T. vaginalis trophozoites within 12 h of exposure, and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of approximately 40 μM after 24 h. Furthermore, the evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) levels suggests that citral possesses antioxidant properties. Molecular docking studies reveal a weak interaction with three parasite proteins: thioredoxin reductase (TvTrxR), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (TvPNP), and methionine gamma lyase (TvMGL). The present study highlights the potential of citral as a candidate for the development of no-nitroimidazole drugs, offering new avenues for trichomoniasis treatment and underscoring the importance of further investigation into citral’s mechanism of action.

A limpeza e desinfecção constituem importantes medidas de biosseguridade adotadas em um ciclo de produção, visando manter baixa a concentrações de agentes patogênicos, reduzindo a probabilidade de infecções. Porém as bactérias podem adquirir resistência aos desinfetantes utilizados para este fim. A própolis, produto natural produzida por abelhas a partir de plantas, possui ação antimicrobiana comprovada, mas são raros os estudos utilizando-a como desinfetante. Neste estudo, um extrato etanólico de própolis verde (EEPV) foi avaliado, em comparação a um desinfetante comercial à base de amônia quaternária, quanto à capacidade desinfetante in situ em bebedouros utilizados para frangos de corte até 28 dias de idade das aves. O EEPV também foi avaliado, in vitro, contra as bactérias isoladas a partir de suabes dos bebedouros utilizados no experimento. Houve um aumento no número de UFC/ml de mesófilos totais e diminuição no número de UFC/ml de bolores totais presentes nos bebedouros à medida que as aves atingiram 28 dias de idade. Aos 28 dias de idade dos frangos, quando o desafio microbiano foi maior, a ação do EEPV como desinfetante foi semelhante à ação do desinfetante comercial a base de amônia quaternária. Nesta mesma idade das aves, o EEPV, assim como o desinfetante comercial, inibiu por completo o crescimento fúngico nos bebedouros.