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Andrzej Kraslawski
School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Lappeenranta-Lahti LUT University of Technology, 15101 Lahti, Finland

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Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has been the formation of large industrial corporations gathering separate companies with similar, sometimes complementary production profiles. This evolving trend has brought usually positive economic effects; however, it has also created some integration problems that include the process safety management. The Texas City BP accident in 2005 and its tremendous human and economic losses underlined the obstacles in defining a well-structured corporation process safety management. The main causes of the above-mentioned accident were connected to an inadequate safety culture at the managerial level. Strong leadership and high standards of corporate governance are required to inspire correct safety behavior in the staff. The so-called soft skills become even more important in the Industry 4.0 arena, where the foundation of the whole system is based on an intelligent use and interpretation of data. The importance of this aspect is confirmed by several post-accidental analyses of past events. Although some research on this topic has been already done, it is worth it to dedicate some effort to identifying specific factors which influence the corporate process safety management quality, and, once identified, to assess them. This paper applies the concept of “lessons learnt” for the identification of organizational and managerial aspects worth consideration in process safety management. Based on accident and literature reviews and expert opinions, the aim is to identify the major contributing factors among leadership and safety culture, risk awareness, knowledge and competence, communication, and information and decision-making processes. To self-assess the level of commitment of the top leaders in process safety management, a checklist approach is proposed, combined with a quantitative, weighted evaluation based on the Relative Efficiency Indicator (REI). Positive value of REI may ensure the effectiveness of process safety management in major hazard industries and their appropriate adaptation to the corporation community. The proposed method, which is validated in an actual case study, underlines the importance of an appropriate education, and of a more careful selection of HSE managers.

ACS Style

Adam S. Markowski; Andrzej Krasławski; Tomaso Vairo; Bruno Fabiano. Process Safety Management Quality in Industrial Corporation for Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9001 .

AMA Style

Adam S. Markowski, Andrzej Krasławski, Tomaso Vairo, Bruno Fabiano. Process Safety Management Quality in Industrial Corporation for Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam S. Markowski; Andrzej Krasławski; Tomaso Vairo; Bruno Fabiano. 2021. "Process Safety Management Quality in Industrial Corporation for Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9001.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Crowdfunding (CF) is considered to be an innovative source of funding, and research into its effects on CF participants is being conducted from many different angles. In our article, we propose a qualitative analysis of CF’s impact on creating added value for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper is a conceptual study based on the theory of value co-creation, the Norton–Kaplan value model, and the concept of economic value added (EVA) to identify the areas (perspectives) of business activity where crowdfunding may stimulate the growth of company value. Based on the map of co-relations in crowdfunding that we have created, we propose a new model of crowdfunding value analysis from the entrepreneur’s point of view. Our research demonstrates that crowdfunding not only presents an alternative financing option, but also affects all perspectives relevant to value creation. As compared to the existing literature, this analysis is the most comprehensive take on the importance of crowdfunding for increasing the value of small and medium enterprises to date, thus offering a material contribution to the fuller understanding of crowdfunding from the financial standpoint, as well as pointing to the importance of crowdfunding as a financing method influencing sustainable decision-making by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The added value of the study is the proposed method of analysing the impact of CF on the value of enterprises by using the Norton–Kaplan model and EVA.

ACS Style

Maria Kukurba; Aneta Waszkiewicz; Mariusz Salwin; Andrzej Kraslawski. Co-Created Values in Crowdfunding for Sustainable Development of Enterprises. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8767 .

AMA Style

Maria Kukurba, Aneta Waszkiewicz, Mariusz Salwin, Andrzej Kraslawski. Co-Created Values in Crowdfunding for Sustainable Development of Enterprises. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Kukurba; Aneta Waszkiewicz; Mariusz Salwin; Andrzej Kraslawski. 2021. "Co-Created Values in Crowdfunding for Sustainable Development of Enterprises." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8767.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
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ACS Style

Luis A. Cisternas; Javier I. Ordóñez; Ricardo I. Jeldres; Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero. Toward the Implementation of Circular Economy Strategies: An Overview of the Current Situation in Mineral Processing. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Luis A. Cisternas, Javier I. Ordóñez, Ricardo I. Jeldres, Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero. Toward the Implementation of Circular Economy Strategies: An Overview of the Current Situation in Mineral Processing. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 2021; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis A. Cisternas; Javier I. Ordóñez; Ricardo I. Jeldres; Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero. 2021. "Toward the Implementation of Circular Economy Strategies: An Overview of the Current Situation in Mineral Processing." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review , no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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ACS Style

María P. Arancibia-Bravo; Freddy A. Lucay; Felipe D. Sepulveda; Luis A. Cisternas. On the use of Na2SO3 as a pyrite depressant in saline systems and the presence of kaolinite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 2021, 57, 168 -179.

AMA Style

María P. Arancibia-Bravo, Freddy A. Lucay, Felipe D. Sepulveda, Luis A. Cisternas. On the use of Na2SO3 as a pyrite depressant in saline systems and the presence of kaolinite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. 2021; 57 (4):168-179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María P. Arancibia-Bravo; Freddy A. Lucay; Felipe D. Sepulveda; Luis A. Cisternas. 2021. "On the use of Na2SO3 as a pyrite depressant in saline systems and the presence of kaolinite." Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 57, no. 4: 168-179.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Minerals
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The purpose of this work was to analyze the requirements for the operational feasibility of flotation systems as well as the effects of the selection of flotation equipment and metal price uncertainty. A procedure based on mathematical optimization and uncertainty analysis was implemented to achieve this aim. The optimization included flotation and grinding stages operating under uncertainty, whereas the uncertainty analysis considered the Monte Carlo method. The results obtained indicate a small number of optimal flotation structures from the economic point of view. Considering the relationship between the economic performance and metallurgical parameters, we established that these structures exhibited favorable conditions for operating under uncertainty. Such conditions were proportional to the percentages representing each structure in the optimal set; i.e., a higher percentage of a structure implied a greater capacity to face operational and metal price changes. The set of optimal structures included configurations implementing cell banks, flotation columns, or both, indicating the influence of the flotation equipment type on the optimal structures. We also established the influence of metal price on the number of optimal structures. Therefore, the results obtained allowed us to separate the design of the flotation systems into two stages: first, a set of optimal structures exhibiting favorable conditions for facing uncertainty is determined; second, the optimal operation is established via resilience/flexibility approaches after the previous determination of the equipment design parameters.

ACS Style

Freddy Lucay; Renato Acosta-Flores; Edelmira Gálvez; Luis Cisternas. Toward the Operability of Flotation Systems under Uncertainty. Minerals 2021, 11, 646 .

AMA Style

Freddy Lucay, Renato Acosta-Flores, Edelmira Gálvez, Luis Cisternas. Toward the Operability of Flotation Systems under Uncertainty. Minerals. 2021; 11 (6):646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Freddy Lucay; Renato Acosta-Flores; Edelmira Gálvez; Luis Cisternas. 2021. "Toward the Operability of Flotation Systems under Uncertainty." Minerals 11, no. 6: 646.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Minerals Engineering
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Usually, the concentration of minerals is carried out with a set of flotation and grinding units. Most of the modeling strategies for the flotation and grinding stages have followed separate developmental paths. This paper presents a strategy based on using flotation studies to model flotation and grinding via an integrated approach. The methodology, which is an approximate method that allows one to study of the effects of grinding on flotation circuits, is applied to a copper sulfide mineral with appropriate results. Given its nature, the application of this method will help preliminary studies on the design, improvement, and simulation of flotation circuits. The major advantages of this method are its simplicity and low cost. Thus, the main contribution of this work is a new strategy to model grinding for integration into the modeling of flotation circuits. This new strategy can be extended to other concentration technologies that include grinding.

ACS Style

Enoque Mathe; Constanza Cruz; Freddy A. Lucay; Edelmira D. Gálvez; Luis A. Cisternas. Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance. Minerals Engineering 2021, 166, 106890 .

AMA Style

Enoque Mathe, Constanza Cruz, Freddy A. Lucay, Edelmira D. Gálvez, Luis A. Cisternas. Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance. Minerals Engineering. 2021; 166 ():106890.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enoque Mathe; Constanza Cruz; Freddy A. Lucay; Edelmira D. Gálvez; Luis A. Cisternas. 2021. "Development of a grinding model based on flotation performance." Minerals Engineering 166, no. : 106890.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Minerals
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In this study, the potential of copper tailing deposits in Chile for the sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) via ex-situ mineral carbonation integrating the recovery of valuable metals was assessed. An inventory of tailing deposits and CO2 sources existing in Chile was constructed to determine the most suitable site for the installation of a future mineral carbonation plant and to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of CO2 capture, separation, and transport from the source to the mineral carbonation plant. The data of the inventory of tailings deposits in Chile were obtained from the National Service of Geology and Mining. For the thermoelectric plants installed in Chile, data of energy production were obtained from the Energy National Commission. Through the use of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and sensitivity analysis, the optimum location in the region of Antofagasta to install a mineral carbonation plant was identified. In addition, the results show that in the region of Antofagasta five tailing deposits have the potential to sequester between 66 to 99 Mt of CO2. Meanwhile, thermoelectric plants in 2018 produced about 9.4 Mt of CO2 that is available to be sequestered, with a maximum generation potential of 21.9 Mt of CO2eq per year. The methodology and the study presented can be considered as a preliminary study to identify tailings that require further analysis.

ACS Style

Oscar Marín; José Valderrama; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis Cisternas. Potential of Tailing Deposits in Chile for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Produced by Power Plants Using Ex-Situ Mineral Carbonation. Minerals 2021, 11, 320 .

AMA Style

Oscar Marín, José Valderrama, Andrzej Kraslawski, Luis Cisternas. Potential of Tailing Deposits in Chile for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Produced by Power Plants Using Ex-Situ Mineral Carbonation. Minerals. 2021; 11 (3):320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oscar Marín; José Valderrama; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis Cisternas. 2021. "Potential of Tailing Deposits in Chile for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Produced by Power Plants Using Ex-Situ Mineral Carbonation." Minerals 11, no. 3: 320.

Review
Published: 18 March 2021 in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
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The limited availability of conventional water resources and inefficient water management has resulted in seawater use in the flotation process of copper sulfide ores at several concentrator plants. The flotation process in seawater is complex and multifaceted, as its chemistry is different compared to fresh water. This article presents the current status of the effect of seawater ions on flotation of copper sulfides ores, aiming to identify the main difficulties and opportunities related to this issue. This article also presents the current industrial experience of the flotation of copper sulfide ores with seawater and possible solutions to improve their performance.

ACS Style

Constanza Cruz; Yesica. L. Botero; Ricardo I. Jeldres; Lina Uribe; Luis A. Cisternas. Current Status of the Effect of Seawater Ions on Copper Flotation: Difficulties, Opportunities, and Industrial Experience. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Constanza Cruz, Yesica. L. Botero, Ricardo I. Jeldres, Lina Uribe, Luis A. Cisternas. Current Status of the Effect of Seawater Ions on Copper Flotation: Difficulties, Opportunities, and Industrial Experience. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanza Cruz; Yesica. L. Botero; Ricardo I. Jeldres; Lina Uribe; Luis A. Cisternas. 2021. "Current Status of the Effect of Seawater Ions on Copper Flotation: Difficulties, Opportunities, and Industrial Experience." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The re-processing of mine tailings to obtain critical raw materials (CRMs) could reduce the mining of new deposits as well as ensure the profitable use of the waste materials. Though, it requires large scale industrial installations and the development of specialized technologies to obtain CRMs. New investment in mining activities is an operation, engaging for considerable financial resources involved. The scale of such an endeavor makes a new mining activity a high-risk operation due to several uncertainties present. Therefore, there is an acute need to use new tools to assess the risk associated with the planning and development of new mining activities. This study introduces a framework to evaluate the economic risk related to the re-processing of mine tailings to obtain CRMs. The framework, based on real options analysis (ROA), and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, was applied to analyze the profitability of using mine tailings as a source of CRMs in the Chilean mining industry. The novelty of this approach consists in enabling the investment decision making including the uncertainties related to a novel investment mining project. show that tailing storage facilities in Chile have some stocks of CRMs, like scandium, whose extraction could be profitable. For the data used, the results of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses show that capital expenditure has a more significant influence than the other variables. Therefore, for the case of mine tailings re-processing, it is essential to develop processes and technologies that enable lower capital expenses.

ACS Style

Natalia Araya; Yendery Ramírez; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis A. Cisternas. Feasibility of re-processing mine tailings to obtain critical raw materials using real options analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 284, 112060 .

AMA Style

Natalia Araya, Yendery Ramírez, Andrzej Kraslawski, Luis A. Cisternas. Feasibility of re-processing mine tailings to obtain critical raw materials using real options analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 284 ():112060.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Araya; Yendery Ramírez; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis A. Cisternas. 2021. "Feasibility of re-processing mine tailings to obtain critical raw materials using real options analysis." Journal of Environmental Management 284, no. : 112060.

Review
Published: 07 January 2021 in Resources
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The development of markets for low-carbon energy sources requires reconsideration of issues related to extraction and use of oil and gas. Significant reserves of hydrocarbons are concentrated in Arctic territories, e.g., 30% of the world’s undiscovered natural gas reserves and 13% of oil. Associated petroleum gas, natural gas and gas condensate could be able to expand the scope of their applications. Natural gas is the main raw material for the production of hydrogen and ammonia, which are considered promising primary energy resources of the future, the oxidation of which does not release CO2. Complex components contained in associated petroleum gas and gas condensate are valuable chemical raw materials to be used in a wide range of applications. This article presents conceptual Gas-To-Chem solutions for the development of Arctic oil and gas condensate fields, taking into account the current trends to reduce the carbon footprint of products, the formation of commodity exchanges for gas chemistry products, as well as the course towards the creation of hydrogen energy. The concept is based on modern gas chemical technologies with an emphasis on the production of products with high added value and low carbon footprint.

ACS Style

Mikhail Dvoynikov; George Buslaev; Andrey Kunshin; Dmitry Sidorov; Andrzej Kraslawski; Margarita Budovskaya. New Concepts of Hydrogen Production and Storage in Arctic Region. Resources 2021, 10, 3 .

AMA Style

Mikhail Dvoynikov, George Buslaev, Andrey Kunshin, Dmitry Sidorov, Andrzej Kraslawski, Margarita Budovskaya. New Concepts of Hydrogen Production and Storage in Arctic Region. Resources. 2021; 10 (1):3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikhail Dvoynikov; George Buslaev; Andrey Kunshin; Dmitry Sidorov; Andrzej Kraslawski; Margarita Budovskaya. 2021. "New Concepts of Hydrogen Production and Storage in Arctic Region." Resources 10, no. 1: 3.

Article
Published: 04 December 2020
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Mine tailings are waste obtained after processing mineral ore to acquire element(s) of interest. They are a mixture of ground rocks with process effluents. The largest water sink at most mines is the tailing storage facility and inappropriate management of water content in mine tailings can become a threat to its stability, and consequently, its environmental safety. Also, for reasons pertaining to water scarcity, water reuse and recycling is a plausible option to mining companies. Proper handling of mine tailings and water supply management can considerably improve the water-energy nexus. In this article, we evaluate the water-energy nexus in copper mining companies using a water reduction model focused on mine tailing facilities and water supply to the mine site to find the trade-offs between water and energy. To find out about the economic outcomes of the options covered by the analysis, project valuation techniques with a real options approach are used. This approach deploys Monte Carlo simulation to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to evaluate every cost component of each water management strategy. The results show that where seawater is supplied to the mine site, improving the reuse of water by using dewatering technologies will improve the water-energy nexus. Even though the costs of these technologies are elevated in comparison to traditional disposal method because they are energy-intensive, the reduction of water requirements in the mine will reduce the cost of its treatment and transport which accounts for a large proportion of the total cost.

ACS Style

Natalia ArayaiD; Yendery Ramírez; Luis A CisternasiD; Andrzej Kraslawski. Improving water-energy nexus in mine tailings management using a real options approach. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Natalia ArayaiD, Yendery Ramírez, Luis A CisternasiD, Andrzej Kraslawski. Improving water-energy nexus in mine tailings management using a real options approach. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia ArayaiD; Yendery Ramírez; Luis A CisternasiD; Andrzej Kraslawski. 2020. "Improving water-energy nexus in mine tailings management using a real options approach." , no. : 1.

Communication
Published: 09 November 2020 in Minerals
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This study demonstrates the effects of a potassium propyl xanthate (PPX) collector and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) depressant on pure chalcopyrite in synthetic seawater (SSW) and potassium chloride (KCl) solutions. SSW solutions with 35 g/L of salt and 0.01-M KCl were used for microflotation and zeta potential tests. Particles sized between 200# and 100# (75–150 µm) were used, and the pH was between 8.0 and 8.5. The surface of the mineral and its interaction with the collector were characterized using Raman spectrometry. The zeta potential of the chalcopyrite was measured in KCl solution at a pH range of 3–12 using the collector and depressant at a monodispersed particle size of 635# (20 µm). The results indicate that the floatability of chalcopyrite is not affected by the presence of PPX collectors in SSW solutions. SSW provides better recoveries than KCl solutions with values of 91.42% and 88.15%, respectively. The Na2SO3 depressant does not hinder the mineral floatability throughout the entire concentration range used; however, special care must be taken when adjusting the pH range to avoid increasing the zeta potential.

ACS Style

María Arancibia-Bravo; Alejandro López-Valdivieso; Luís Flores; Luís Cisternas. Effects of Potassium Propyl Xanthate Collector and Sodium Sulfite Depressant on the Floatability of Chalcopyrite in Seawater and KCl Solutions. Minerals 2020, 10, 991 .

AMA Style

María Arancibia-Bravo, Alejandro López-Valdivieso, Luís Flores, Luís Cisternas. Effects of Potassium Propyl Xanthate Collector and Sodium Sulfite Depressant on the Floatability of Chalcopyrite in Seawater and KCl Solutions. Minerals. 2020; 10 (11):991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Arancibia-Bravo; Alejandro López-Valdivieso; Luís Flores; Luís Cisternas. 2020. "Effects of Potassium Propyl Xanthate Collector and Sodium Sulfite Depressant on the Floatability of Chalcopyrite in Seawater and KCl Solutions." Minerals 10, no. 11: 991.

Article commentary
Published: 24 September 2020 in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
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ACS Style

Luis A. Cisternas. Comment on “Measurements of Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions in the NaCl–KCl–H2O System from 493.15 to 693.25 K in a Fused Silica Capillary High-Pressure Optical Cell”. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2020, 65, 1 .

AMA Style

Luis A. Cisternas. Comment on “Measurements of Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions in the NaCl–KCl–H2O System from 493.15 to 693.25 K in a Fused Silica Capillary High-Pressure Optical Cell”. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 2020; 65 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis A. Cisternas. 2020. "Comment on “Measurements of Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions in the NaCl–KCl–H2O System from 493.15 to 693.25 K in a Fused Silica Capillary High-Pressure Optical Cell”." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 65, no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Minerals
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The combined use of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) model with pretreated seawater by biomineralization (BSw) was investigated as an approach to improve copper tailings flocculation for mining purposes. The RBFN was used to set the optimal ranges of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration at different Ph in artificial seawater to optimize the performance of the mine tailings sedimentation process. The RBFN was developed by considering Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration as well as pH as input variables, and mine tailings settling rate (Sr) and residual water turbidity (T) as output variables. The optimal ranges of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration were found, respectively: (i) 169–338 and 0–130 mg·L−1 at pH 9.3; (ii) 0–21 and 400–741 mg·L–1 at pH 10.5; (iii) 377–418 and 703–849 mg·L−1 at pH 11.5. The settling performance predicted by the RBFN was compared with that measured in raw seawater (Sw), chemically pretreated seawater (CHSw), BSw, and tap water (Tw). The results highlighted that the RBFN model is greatly useful to predict the settling performance in CHSw. On the other hand, the highest Sr values (i.e., 5.4, 5.7, and 5.4 m·h–1) were reached independently of pH when BSw was used as a separation medium for the sedimentation process.

ACS Style

Grecia Villca; Dayana Arias; Ricardo Jeldres; Antonio Pánico; Mariella Rivas; Luis A. Cisternas. Use of Radial Basis Function Network to Predict Optimum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Seawater and Application of Pretreated Seawater by Biomineralization as Crucial Tools to Improve Copper Tailings Flocculation. Minerals 2020, 10, 676 .

AMA Style

Grecia Villca, Dayana Arias, Ricardo Jeldres, Antonio Pánico, Mariella Rivas, Luis A. Cisternas. Use of Radial Basis Function Network to Predict Optimum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Seawater and Application of Pretreated Seawater by Biomineralization as Crucial Tools to Improve Copper Tailings Flocculation. Minerals. 2020; 10 (8):676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grecia Villca; Dayana Arias; Ricardo Jeldres; Antonio Pánico; Mariella Rivas; Luis A. Cisternas. 2020. "Use of Radial Basis Function Network to Predict Optimum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Seawater and Application of Pretreated Seawater by Biomineralization as Crucial Tools to Improve Copper Tailings Flocculation." Minerals 10, no. 8: 676.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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In the light of intensifying competition, growing customer needs and requirements, and bigger awareness of environmental impact, entrepreneurs are looking for new ways to improve and develop their operations. Currently available business models based on sales and the transfer of ownership rights to products from a manufacturer to the user, which do not include any additional services, do not create a possibility for the customer to fully exploit the products. After some time, machinery sold under such an arrangement ceases to be used and those who bought it have problems with selling the machinery and recovering capital frozen in it. Therefore, seeking new business models seems extremely important as they may improve customer satisfaction and experience with the way products are offered to them and, at the same time, bring a number of benefits to entrepreneurs. One of possible solutions to the above-mentioned issues is the PSS model, which allows selling the accessibility and functions offered by products and their re-use. This publication is an attempt to develop such a model for the printing industry. To this end, questionnaire-based studies were conducted in 80 printing houses from which we learned how printing machines are used and about the needs and problems faced by entrepreneurs. Results of analyses suggest there are deep differences between small, medium-sized, and large printing companies as to the services in which these categories of businesses are interested. Profound analyses conducted for industries to whom PSS design methods are addressed, industrial PSS cases, questionnaire-based studies, statistical analyses, and consultations with experts from different fields helped in developing a new PSS model whose detailed structure, in particular for the printing industry, have never been broadly commented, studied or evidenced so far. This paper is intended to bridge this gap. The approach to the subject is also innovative as it is based on questionnaire-based studies which correctly reflect market reality. Moreover, all services tied to machines have been selected following in-depth statistical analyses and the proposed approach is unusually comprehensive as it covers micro, small, medium-sized, and large enterprises.

ACS Style

Mariusz Salwin; Andrzej Kraslawski; Jan Lipiak; Damian Gołębiewski; Michał Andrzejewski. Product-Service System business model for printing houses. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 274, 122939 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Salwin, Andrzej Kraslawski, Jan Lipiak, Damian Gołębiewski, Michał Andrzejewski. Product-Service System business model for printing houses. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 274 ():122939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Salwin; Andrzej Kraslawski; Jan Lipiak; Damian Gołębiewski; Michał Andrzejewski. 2020. "Product-Service System business model for printing houses." Journal of Cleaner Production 274, no. : 122939.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Minerals
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Modeling the global markets is complicated due to the existence of uncertainty in the information available. In addition, the lithium supply chain presents a complex network due to interconnections that it presents and the interdependencies among its elements. This complex supply chain has one large market, electric vehicles (EVs). EV production is increasing the global demand for lithium; in terms of the lithium supply chain, an EV requires lithium-ion batteries, and lithium-ion batteries require lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. Realistically, the mass balance in the global lithium supply chain involves more elements and more markets, and together with the assortment of databases in the literature, make the modeling through deterministic models difficult. Modeling the global supply chain under uncertainty could facilitate an assessment of the lithium supply chain between production and demand, and therefore could help to determine the distribution of materials for identifying the variables with the highest importance in an undersupply scenario. In the literature, deterministic models are commonly used to model the lithium supply chain but do not simultaneously consider the variation of data among databases for the lithium supply chain. This study performs stochastic modeling of the lithium supply chain by combining a material flow analysis with an uncertainty analysis and global sensitivity analysis. The combination of these methods evaluates an undersupply scenario. The stochastic model simulations allow a comparison between the known demand and the supply calculated under uncertainty, in order to identify the most important variables affecting lithium distribution. The dynamic simulations show that the most probable scenario is one where supply does not cover the increasing demand, and the stochastic modeling classifies the variables by their importance and sensibility. In conclusion, the most important variables in a scenario of EV undersupply are the lithium hydroxide produced from lithium carbonate, the lithium hydroxide produced from solid rock, and the production of traditional batteries. The global sensitivity analysis indicates that the critical variables which affect the uncertainty in EV production change with time.

ACS Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta; Sebastián Herrera-Leon; Freddy A. Lucay; Luis A. Cisternas. Assessment of the Supply Chain under Uncertainty: The Case of Lithium. Minerals 2020, 10, 604 .

AMA Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta, Sebastián Herrera-Leon, Freddy A. Lucay, Luis A. Cisternas. Assessment of the Supply Chain under Uncertainty: The Case of Lithium. Minerals. 2020; 10 (7):604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta; Sebastián Herrera-Leon; Freddy A. Lucay; Luis A. Cisternas. 2020. "Assessment of the Supply Chain under Uncertainty: The Case of Lithium." Minerals 10, no. 7: 604.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in The Open Chemical Engineering Journal
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Background: The production of lithium is growing continuously, and ensuring its stable supply is crucial for the growth of global economy. Therefore, to avoid a potential supply risk, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the implementation of current and planned lithium mining projects in order to meet the forecasted demand of lithium. Objective: In this paper, the capability of global lithium production to meet the uncertain, high or low level, demand by 2025, is analyzed. Methods: The global lithium supply is simulated considering three alternatives: no new projects in the portfolio, committed projects, and uncommitted projects. Two scenarios for estimating the growth rate of lithium production in the future are analyzed: a regular growth rate and a growth rate assuming the use in full capacity of lithium production by major suppliers. Results: The results show that the total capacity of production covers the low-level demand. However, it is not enough to cover the high-level demand for lithium. Therefore, new projects are necessary. On the other hand, results considering all the possible projects show that the demand is exceeded, which suggests that intermediate scenarios could cover the demand by 100%. Conclusion: It is expected that a low-carbon economy may be projected soon, and assuming the high-level demand of lithium, then a combination of committed projects and uncommitted projects should be considered.

ACS Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta; Sebastián Herrera-Leon; Luis A. Cisternas. Current and Future Global Lithium Production Till 2025. The Open Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 14, 36 -51.

AMA Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta, Sebastián Herrera-Leon, Luis A. Cisternas. Current and Future Global Lithium Production Till 2025. The Open Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 14 (1):36-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta; Sebastián Herrera-Leon; Luis A. Cisternas. 2020. "Current and Future Global Lithium Production Till 2025." The Open Chemical Engineering Journal 14, no. 1: 36-51.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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Oscar Marin; Javier Ordoñez; Edelmira Galvez; Luis Cisternas. Pourbaix diagrams for copper ores processing with seawater. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 2020, 56, 624 -640.

AMA Style

Oscar Marin, Javier Ordoñez, Edelmira Galvez, Luis Cisternas. Pourbaix diagrams for copper ores processing with seawater. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. 2020; 56 (4):624-640.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oscar Marin; Javier Ordoñez; Edelmira Galvez; Luis Cisternas. 2020. "Pourbaix diagrams for copper ores processing with seawater." Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 56, no. 4: 624-640.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2020 in Computers & Chemical Engineering
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Using deterministic values of input variables is desirable for process design. However, some of these input variables may present uncertainty, which may drive the designed process to unwanted responses and, consequently, generating large economic damages. This manuscript proposes a methodology for avoiding the scenario earlier described. The methodology considers three steps: (1) deterministic process design, (2) elimination of non-influential input variables using global sensitivity analysis, and (3) classification of the influential input variables using least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) classifier, whose parameters are tuned through particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed methodology was applied in the design of mineral concentration circuits. The results show that the elimination of non-influential input variables from training data helps to improve the accuracy and to prevent the overfitting of LS-SVM classifier. The methodology allows classifying input variables and knowing what combinations will drive the designed process to unwanted conditions. Thus, the proposed methodology could be useful for fault detection and diagnosis in large size processes operating under uncertainty.

ACS Style

Freddy A. Lucay; Luis A. Cisternas; Edelmira D. Gálvez. An LS-SVM classifier based methodology for avoiding unwanted responses in processes under uncertainties. Computers & Chemical Engineering 2020, 138, 106860 .

AMA Style

Freddy A. Lucay, Luis A. Cisternas, Edelmira D. Gálvez. An LS-SVM classifier based methodology for avoiding unwanted responses in processes under uncertainties. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 2020; 138 ():106860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Freddy A. Lucay; Luis A. Cisternas; Edelmira D. Gálvez. 2020. "An LS-SVM classifier based methodology for avoiding unwanted responses in processes under uncertainties." Computers & Chemical Engineering 138, no. : 106860.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The mining industry produces large volumes of mine tailings – a mix of crushed rocks and process effluents from the processing of mineral ores. Mine tailings are a major environmental issue due to implications related to their handling and storage. Depending on the mined ore and the process used, it may be possible to recover valuable elements from mine tailings, among them critical raw materials (CRMs) like rare earths, vanadium, and antimony. The aim of this study was to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of producing critical raw materials from mine tailings. Data from 477 Chilean tailings facilities were analyzed and used in the techno-economic assessment of the valorization of mine tailings in the form of CRMs recovery. A review of applicable technologies was performed to identify suitable technologies for mine tailings processing. To assess the economic feasibility of CRMs production, net present value (NPV) was calculated using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Sensitivity analysis and design of experiments were performed to analyze the influence of independent variables on NPV. Two options were assessed, rare earth oxides (REOs) production and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) production. The results show that it is possible to produce V2O5 with an NPV of 76 million US$. In the case of REOs, NPV is positive but rather low, which indicates that the investment is risky. Sensitivity analysis and the ANOVA run using the design of experiments indicated that the NPV of REOs is highly sensitive to the price of REOs and to the discount rate.

ACS Style

Natalia Araya; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis A. Cisternas. Towards mine tailings valorization: Recovery of critical materials from Chilean mine tailings. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 263, 121555 .

AMA Style

Natalia Araya, Andrzej Kraslawski, Luis A. Cisternas. Towards mine tailings valorization: Recovery of critical materials from Chilean mine tailings. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 263 ():121555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Araya; Andrzej Kraslawski; Luis A. Cisternas. 2020. "Towards mine tailings valorization: Recovery of critical materials from Chilean mine tailings." Journal of Cleaner Production 263, no. : 121555.