The application of biotechnological methods in the metallurgical industry has the potential to provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective direction of development. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a thionic bacterium, and the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii TN-72 CH were used as complex...

The results of the study of clonal rootstocks of apple trees of various ecological and geographical origins, varieties of fruit, berry crops, and grapes of local selection are presented. According to the efficiency of reproduction in the mother liquor and fields of nursery formation, as well as the short stature of trees of grafted varieties in the garden, precocity and productivity, clonal rootstocks of the apple tree B7-35, Arm18, 62-396, and B16-20 were distinguished. Their important role in unlocking the potential of ancient apple varieties in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan. These rootstocks and varieties are recommended for propagation and creation of highly productive orchards. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan provided funding within the framework of the budget program 267 “Improving the availability of knowledge and scientific research” under subprogram 101 “Program-targeted financing of scientific research and activities” – Creation of varieties and hybrids of fruit and berry, nut crops and grapes based on the achievements of bio and IT technologies, 2021–2023yy. No. BR10765032.

Blackberry (Rubus L.) cultivation in Kazakhstan is constrained by the limited availability of certified planting material and the absence of standardized micropropagation protocols adapted to local conditions. This study aimed to optimize the key stages of in vitro culture for the cultivars ‘Natchez’, ‘Black Magic’, ‘Osage’, and ‘Heaven Can Wait’, including explant sterilization, culture initiation, shoot multiplication, and acclimatization. A sequential sterilization scheme using 70% ethanol followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite ensured high explant survival. Shoot initiation was most efficient on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BAP, whereas multiplication was enhanced by 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L GA₃. In the subsequent rooting stage, microcuttings formed stable root systems under ex vitro conditions in agroboxes, confirming that the optimized protocol ensured not only high survival during initiation but also a successful transition to the rooting phase, which is essential for further acclimatization. During ex vitro acclimatization, the application of humic acid, nanosilicon, or succinic acid improved survival under agrobox microventilation. The developed approach provides a reliable framework for producing healthy, adapted plants of the evaluated cultivars and contributes to establishing domestic propagation systems for reducing reliance on imported planting material.

The paper presents the results of experiments with electroflotation beneficiation of gold-bearing raw materials. Three variants of ore samples with 0.56, 1.2 and 5.9 g/t gold grades, which also have different mineralogical and phase composition, were taken as objects of study. Based on the...

High yields in intensive gardens rely on high-quality planting material. A field experiment was conducted in the Almaty and Zhambyl regions to investigate the response of the Voskhod apple variety to various cultivation techniques, including mechanical pinching of the tops of annual seedlings, pinching with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves, and chemical treatments in the nursery. The aim was to develop a technology for growing annual apple seedlings using different agrotechnical methods. The study demonstrated the varying effects of mechanical methods and chemical treatments on the branching and growth of annual apple seedlings. Among all the techniques examined, the combination of pinching the top, removing the upper 3-4 leaf blades, and applying foliar treatments with Epin and Energen Aqua resulted in the highest number of lateral branches. Differences in the response of specific variety-rootstock combinations to the combined effect of mechanical techniques and foliar treatments were observed. For the Voskhod variety, in the Zhambyl region on the Zhetysu 5 rootstock and in the Almaty region on the MM106 rootstock, double foliar treatments with Epin and Energen Aqua, along with pinching and leaf removal, significantly increased the number of lateral shoots under optimal growing conditions. The yield of standard branched apple tree seedlings meeting the quality requirements was 93-95% for all variety-rootstock combinations, except for the MM106 rootstock in the Almaty region.