Glyphosate (GLYP) is an effective and low-cost broad-spectrum herbicide. However, this herbicide and its primary degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been linked with adverse human health effects. The global use of glyphosate has significantly increased in recent years, resulting in more direct and indirect human exposure. In this context, GLYP and AMPA are often detected in fresh and processed foods for adults and infants, as well as in drinking water worldwide. Diverse extraction and quantification methods for GLYP and AMPA from foods have been developed. Solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are the most frequently employed cleanup strategies, while LC-MS/MS is one of the most sensitive and selective techniques for detecting GLYP and AMPA in food products. Although most studies show that GLYP and AMPA concentrations in foods remain within established maximum residue limits, occasionally they exceed legal limits. Thus, the widespread presence of GLYP and AMPA in foodstuffs is a public concern that may lead to consumers exceeding the acceptable daily intake due to prolonged dietary exposure, even if levels remain within thresholds. Therefore, this review explores the different approaches and techniques used in the extraction, detection, and quantification of GLYP and AMPA in foods.

Glutathione S-transferases are a family of detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with different xenobiotic compounds using either Ser, Tyr, or Cys as a primary catalytic residue. We identified a novel GST in the genome of the shrimp pathogen V. parahaemolyticus FIM- S1708⁺, a bacterial strain associated with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)/Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in cultured shrimp. This new GST class was named Gtt2. It has an atypical catalytic mechanism in which a water molecule instead of Ser, Tyr, or Cys activates the sulfhydryl group of GSH. The biochemical properties of Gtt2 from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpGSTT2) were characterized using kinetic and crystallographic methods. Recombinant VpGSTT2 was enzymatically active using GSH and CDNB as substrates, with a specific activity of 5.7 units/mg. Low affinity for substrates was demonstrated using both Michaelis–Menten kinetics and isothermal titration calorimetry. The crystal structure showed a canonical two-domain structure comprising a glutathione binding G-domain and a hydrophobic ligand H domain. A water molecule was hydrogen-bonded to residues Thr9 and Ser 11, as reported for the yeast Gtt2, suggesting a primary role in the reaction. Molecular docking showed that GSH could bind at the G-site in the vicinity of Ser11. G-site mutationsT9A and S11A were analyzed. S11A retained 30% activity, while T9A/S11A showed no detectable activity. VpGSTT2 was the first bacterial Gtt2 characterized, in which residues Ser11 and Thr9 coordinated a water molecule as part of a catalytic mechanism that was characteristic of yeast GTT2. The GTT2 family has been shown to provide protection against metal toxicity; in some cases, excess heavy metals appear in shrimp ponds presenting AHPND/EMS. Further studies may address whether GTT2 in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenic strains may provide a competitive advantage as a novel detoxification mechanism.

The traditional approaches to develop new anticancer drugs are time and resource consuming processes. Nowadays, the new paradigms based in the use of in silico tools making possible the selection of the best prospects for their in vivo trials evaluations. Recent advances in the study of cucurbitacin IIb (CIIb) and kinoin A (KinA) from Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene highlight the ability of these molecules to reduce the cancer cells proliferation and to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, also the levels of STAT3 expression are downregulate after treatment with CIIb. In this research using in silico strategies we analyze the antitumor potential of CIIb and KinA by their capability to block STAT3, and then confirm the prediction in an in vivo model of cancer. In silico predictions showed that CIIb and KinA have better ADME properties than DOXO. Moreover, molecular docking showed that CIIb and KinA inhibit the transcriptional activity of STAT3 avoiding its interaction with the DNA. The in silico predictions, were successfully proved in a preclinical model of cervical cancer, the intravenous administration of CIIb and KinA effectively reduced the tumor development without signs of toxicity and weight reduction in mice, unlike DOXO, which induces antitumor effect with significantly induction of caquexia symptoms and weight loss in mice. These results suggest that CIIb and KinA could be considered in future studies for the development of effective and safe anti-cancer therapies against cervical, gastric, breast and others types of cancer where STAT3 is over-expressed.

Today in higher education there is a need for a higher quality preparation that adapts to the new educational philosophies, since the New Mexican School and the University Center of Los Altos (CUAltos) of the University of Guadalajara, have as an objective, to provide the conditions for the student of any area of knowledge to become a generator of new knowledge that lead to entrepreneurship. CUAltos has proposed a model based on five axes, the first one, the university, which is where plans, study programs, administrative policies, administrative, teaching and research personnel intervene, with the student as the main objective, the second axis, the industry, which is the key to the development of nations and demands highly qualified professionals, and the third axis, the government, which finances the public university, the government that funds the public university and develops policies that benefit productivity and national development, the fourth axis, the media responsible for promoting academic and cultural advances and technological innovation, and finally, socio-ecology that highlights the importance of the environment and its relationship with innovation in the knowledge economy. This model is considered essential to offer the best answers required by a society that is increasingly involved in improving the quality of life and care of the planet. This research adopts a mixed and transversal approach, based on surveys directed to students of different specialties that have been studied in the development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation projects. Likewise, it seeks to generate conditions that allow students, regardless of their area of knowledge, to become creators of new knowledge that drive the development of dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystems based on academic entrepreneurship.

Background and Objective: The objective of the present study is to use docking and ADME analysis to determine if the cardenolides of Asclepias subulata are potential stabilizing drugs of the p53-Y220C mutant. Materials and Methods: Two different receptors, wild-type p53, and the mutant p53-Y220C, were used for docking. Three independent stochastic series were performed, with 60,000 poses considered, and the 30 best poses were selected. ADME analysis was performed using SwissADME. Results: Docking experiments revealed that corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and calotropin interact with the cleft, so they were considered potential stabilizers of the p53-Y220C mutant comparable to the control drug 9H5, which was able to predict a position very similar to that already reported in the crystallographic structure. The ADME predicted that calotropin and desglucouzarin have more favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Both molecules are predicted to be absorbed from the GIT. Conclusion: Calotropin of A. subulata is predicted to be a potential drug for p53-Y220C, because it binds to the cleft of the mutant and has favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Corotoxigenin 3- O-glucopyranoside also binds to the Y220C cleft, but had less favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. These results have a future impact since calotropin could be used for the treatment of some types of cancer.