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Micha Strack
University of Göttingen, Georg-Elias-Müller-Institute of Psychology, Goßlerstraße 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Food Quality and Preference
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Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is currently being increasingly researched for its usability and suitability in human nutrition. The inclusion of alternative protein sources, such as spirulina, in familiar products is a possible strategy to nudge consumers towards dietary change in Western societies. Filled pasta variants with three levels of spirulina-soy-extrudate in the filling (10%, 30% or 50%) were developed and investigated for their sensory characteristics and consumer liking. Recipe development was based on the concepts of flavor-flavor learning (beet-ginger or tomato) and masking (lemon-basil) to account for the musty and earthy notes of the alga. Consumer tests were conducted in Germany (n = 139), the Netherlands (n = 137) and France (n = 144), and conventional sensory profiling was accomplished with trained panelists (n = 12). Consumers preferred the lemon-basil flavor over tomato and beet-ginger flavored fillings. As expected, liking decreased with increased extrudate content, regardless of the flavor. For all flavors expected liking was higher than liking after product exposure; for the lemon-basil flavor the gap was the smallest. It was shown that low general food neophobia and familiarity with spirulina promoted consumer liking. The sensory profiling revealed that the spirulina-soy-extrudate content affected all sensory attributes identified across all flavors, but for the tomato flavor the most. Overall, this study confirms that it is important to consider differences in consumer motivation as well as the product’s conceptual and intrinsic sensory characteristics in new product development.

ACS Style

Stephanie Grahl; Micha Strack; André Mensching; Daniel Mörlein. Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta. Food Quality and Preference 2020, 84, 103933 .

AMA Style

Stephanie Grahl, Micha Strack, André Mensching, Daniel Mörlein. Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta. Food Quality and Preference. 2020; 84 ():103933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephanie Grahl; Micha Strack; André Mensching; Daniel Mörlein. 2020. "Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta." Food Quality and Preference 84, no. : 103933.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2019 in Sustainability
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Urbanization by densification is globally increasing and endangers maintenance of urban green and associated social-ecological systems. Cultural ecosystem services play a crucial role in human well-being, especially in urban areas. We analyzed perceived importance of cultural ecosystem services provided by green space in Berlin along an urban-periurban gradient. Based on extensive pretests, we designed a standardized questionnaire and conducted 558 face-to-face interviews. B using multiple regressions and principal component analysis, we show that perceived importance of cultural ecosystem services and patterns of urban green use are affected by an urbanization gradient and associated changes in population density. Important cultural ecosystem services decreases in urban core areas with higher population density, whereas people in periurban areas with more available green spaces exhibit a greater valuation of nature. In contrast, social relations and cultural diversity had the highest importance in the urban core, while cultural heritage, education, natural awareness, recreation, and aesthetical appreciation were higher valued in the less populated periurban areas, suggesting two bundles of cultural ecosystem services.

ACS Style

Maraja Riechers; Micha Strack; Jan Barkmann; Teja Tscharntke. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Change along an Urban-Periurban Gradient. Sustainability 2019, 11, 645 .

AMA Style

Maraja Riechers, Micha Strack, Jan Barkmann, Teja Tscharntke. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Change along an Urban-Periurban Gradient. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maraja Riechers; Micha Strack; Jan Barkmann; Teja Tscharntke. 2019. "Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Change along an Urban-Periurban Gradient." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 645.

Originalarbeit
Published: 09 January 2019 in neuropsychiatrie
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Zusätzlich zur Gesamtsumme „Entwicklungsbedingungen in der Familie“ werden für den familiendiagnostischen Fragebogen Subjektives Familienbild, der für die gerichteten sechs dyadischen Beziehungen einer Drei-Personen-Familie auf der Valenz- und Potenzdimension zusammen 12 Skalen gewinnt, gerechtfertigte Auswertungsvariablen gesucht. Mit Strukturgleichungsstatistik, die dem Family Social Relations Model folgt, können die Varianzquellen und Korrelationen in der Laienpsychologie von 461 Patientinnen mit Essstörungen über ihre Familie bewertet werden. Genau acht weitere Variablen wurden gefunden: für die Verbundenheitsdimension (Valenz) die reziproken dyadischen Beziehungen zwischen Vater, Mutter und Kind sowie zwei dispositionale für die Eltern; für die Potenzdimension dispositionale für jedes Familienmitglieder, die für die Eltern Komplementarität zeigen (bspw. der besonders dominante Vater, dem sich alle unterwerfen versus der besonders submissive Vater, der von den anderen dominiert wird). Wegen der gefundenen Komplementarität ist eine Potenzgesamtsumme unzulässig und die Potenzdimension wird entsprechend dem Interpersonellen Circumplex als Dominanz interpretiert. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Eltern- und der Kindrolle in der Laienpsychologie der Patientinnen können attributionstheoretisch erklärt werden. Zukünftige Auswertungen des Subjektiven Familienbilds sollen durch die gefundenen zusammen 9 Variablen angeleitet werden. Sie lassen die Laienfamilienpsychologie von Patientinnen mit Essstörung im Interpersonellen Circumplex interpretieren und geben eine Orientierung, anamnestische Berichte und/oder beobachtete Familieninteraktionen einzuordnen, Problembereiche der Familien zu erfassen und dort mit verändernden Interventionen anzusetzen. Given three person families the Subjective Family Image Test assesses the six dyadic relations on a valence and potency dimensions. Besides the total sum score (developmental conditions in the family) other aggregate scores are unsettled. Data of 461 patients with eating disorders was reanalysed in order to clarify which aggregate scores are comprehensive. Structural equation analysis followed the family social relations model. Eight further latent variables with sufficient variance in the lay psychology of the patients were identified: at the valence dimension the three reciprocal dyads and the parents as two dispositional sources, at the potency dimension a dispositional source for each family member with complementarity for the parents (e. g. the dominant father to whom all others submit themselves vs. the submissive father who is dominated by the others). Because of the found complementarity a potency total score is inadmissible. For the same reason, the potency dimension is interpreted as dominance according to the Interpersonal Circumplex. The differences between parental and child roles in the lay psychology of the patients can be explained by attribution theory. Future analyses...

ACS Style

Micha Strack; Rieke Flesch; Günter Reich. Welche Variablen lässt das Subjektive Familienbild zu? neuropsychiatrie 2019, 33, 141 -150.

AMA Style

Micha Strack, Rieke Flesch, Günter Reich. Welche Variablen lässt das Subjektive Familienbild zu? neuropsychiatrie. 2019; 33 (3):141-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Micha Strack; Rieke Flesch; Günter Reich. 2019. "Welche Variablen lässt das Subjektive Familienbild zu?" neuropsychiatrie 33, no. 3: 141-150.

Original paper
Published: 20 September 2018 in Journal of Business Ethics
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Whilst previous studies indicate perceived company ethicality as a driver of job seekers’ job-pursuit intentions, it is poorly understood how and why ethical market signals actually affect their application decisions. Perceptions of company ethicality result from market signals that are either within the control of the company (e.g. ethical certifications) and from market signals that are beyond the company’s control (e.g. ethical eWoM). Building on communication and information processing theories, this study therefore considers both types of ethical market signals, and examines the psychological mechanisms through which they affect job seekers’ intention to apply for a job. The results from a controlled online experiment show that both types of ethical market signals increase job seekers’ job-pursuit intentions. These relationships are mediated by applicants’ attitude towards the job advertisement, their perceptions of corporate employment image and self-referencing. Consequently, the present study alerts practitioners to consider the effects of company-controlled and non-company-controlled ethical market signals, particularly when aiming to recruit highly-qualified millennial candidates.

ACS Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Vignesh Yoganathan; Boris Bartikowski; Hongfei Liu; Micha Strack. Effects of Ethical Certification and Ethical eWoM on Talent Attraction. Journal of Business Ethics 2018, 164, 535 -548.

AMA Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg, Vignesh Yoganathan, Boris Bartikowski, Hongfei Liu, Micha Strack. Effects of Ethical Certification and Ethical eWoM on Talent Attraction. Journal of Business Ethics. 2018; 164 (3):535-548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Vignesh Yoganathan; Boris Bartikowski; Hongfei Liu; Micha Strack. 2018. "Effects of Ethical Certification and Ethical eWoM on Talent Attraction." Journal of Business Ethics 164, no. 3: 535-548.

Research article
Published: 31 July 2018 in Journal of Food Quality
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The world population is steadily growing and the demand for protein increases along with it, yet our planetary resources are finite. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is an underutilized protein source suitable for human nutrition, and little is known about the use of spirulina as a food and the associated consumer opinion. New product development (NPD) requires early and active participation of consumers for the success of new products; therefore, a mixed method approach was applied to conceptualize (sensory profiling of spirulina extrudates and expert interviews) and then evaluate consumer’s willingness to try (consumer survey) three innovative products: pasta filled with spirulina, maki-sushi filled with spirulina, and spirulina jerky. To evaluate the consumer orientation towards novel, spirulina-based products, 1035 consumers from three countries (GER,n=348; FR,n=337; NL,n=350) were surveyed regarding their hedonic opinion about these concepts. A photo of each product was systematically accompanied by a benefit description covering health, sustainability, or innovation. Each consumer sequentially evaluated three combinations thereof (Latin square design). A multilevel model was used to analyze consumers’ responses regarding novelty, interest, overall liking, and expected flavor liking. Overall, spirulina-filled pasta was identified as the most preferred product. Mediation analysis revealed that this could be partly explained by familiarity with products in that category (i.e., pasta more than sushi and jerky). In conclusion, all spirulina product concepts would work equally well, if pasta, sushi, and jerky were similarly familiar to the target consumer population. All tested benefits were equally accepted with each product, with the exception that spirulina jerky would have to be marketed as being innovative. Country differences can be neglected.

ACS Style

Stephanie Grahl; Micha Strack; Ramona Weinrich; Daniel Mörlein. Consumer-Oriented Product Development: The Conceptualization of Novel Food Products Based on Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Resulting Consumer Expectations. Journal of Food Quality 2018, 2018, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Stephanie Grahl, Micha Strack, Ramona Weinrich, Daniel Mörlein. Consumer-Oriented Product Development: The Conceptualization of Novel Food Products Based on Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Resulting Consumer Expectations. Journal of Food Quality. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephanie Grahl; Micha Strack; Ramona Weinrich; Daniel Mörlein. 2018. "Consumer-Oriented Product Development: The Conceptualization of Novel Food Products Based on Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Resulting Consumer Expectations." Journal of Food Quality 2018, no. : 1-11.

Conference paper
Published: 30 July 2018 in Global Fashion Management Conference
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ACS Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Vignesh Yoganathan; Boris Bartikowski; Hongfei Liu; Micha Strack. ATTRACTING JOB CANDIDATES THROUGH INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPANY’S ETHICALITY: THE EFFECTS OF CERTIFICATION AND EWOM. Global Fashion Management Conference 2018, 2018, 527 -527.

AMA Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg, Vignesh Yoganathan, Boris Bartikowski, Hongfei Liu, Micha Strack. ATTRACTING JOB CANDIDATES THROUGH INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPANY’S ETHICALITY: THE EFFECTS OF CERTIFICATION AND EWOM. Global Fashion Management Conference. 2018; 2018 ():527-527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Vignesh Yoganathan; Boris Bartikowski; Hongfei Liu; Micha Strack. 2018. "ATTRACTING JOB CANDIDATES THROUGH INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPANY’S ETHICALITY: THE EFFECTS OF CERTIFICATION AND EWOM." Global Fashion Management Conference 2018, no. : 527-527.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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High moisture extrusion cooking is a well-established method to develop soy-based meat alternatives. Algae are increasingly researched into as an alternative protein source, particularly the micro-algae spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is known for its high protein content. However, little is known how spirulina behaves during the extrusion process. This study investigates the sensory properties of spirulina (10 %, 30 % or 50 %) and soy-based meat alternatives (16 samples) produced according to a Design of Experiment (DoE) with different levels of moisture (57 %, 67 % or 77 %), screw speed (600 rpm, 900 rpm or 1200 rpm), temperature (140 °C, 160 °C or 180 °C) and two production days (independent replicates). Conventional profiling by a trained sensory panel (n = 12) based on a product-specific vocabulary was carried out and the samples were also subjected to instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) and razor shear measurement (MORS). The data revealed that high spirulina content caused a black color, an intense taste with earthy notes and an algae odor that is rather musty. Additionally, the higher the share of spirulina, the lower were the elasticity, fibrousness and firmness of extruded samples. High moisture content resulted in products evoking a juicy and soft mouthfeel plus a moist appearance. Instrumentally measured texture parameters matched with the sensory profile regarding texture: high moisture induces a decrease in shear force, shear energy, hardness, cohesion, springiness and chewiness. Particularly firmness perceived by the panel correlates with both MORS and TPA measurements while sensory elasticity correlates with springiness. When keeping moisture low, but screw speed and temperature high during extrusion, it is possible to partly substitute soy with spirulina in order to produce firm and fibrous products with a decent algae flavor that will contribute to shape a more sustainable future for food.

ACS Style

Stephanie Grahl; Megala Palanisamy; Micha Strack; Lisa Meier-Dinkel; Stefan Toepfl; Daniel Mörlein. Towards more sustainable meat alternatives: How technical parameters affect the sensory properties of extrusion products derived from soy and algae. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 198, 962 -971.

AMA Style

Stephanie Grahl, Megala Palanisamy, Micha Strack, Lisa Meier-Dinkel, Stefan Toepfl, Daniel Mörlein. Towards more sustainable meat alternatives: How technical parameters affect the sensory properties of extrusion products derived from soy and algae. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 198 ():962-971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephanie Grahl; Megala Palanisamy; Micha Strack; Lisa Meier-Dinkel; Stefan Toepfl; Daniel Mörlein. 2018. "Towards more sustainable meat alternatives: How technical parameters affect the sensory properties of extrusion products derived from soy and algae." Journal of Cleaner Production 198, no. : 962-971.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2017 in Psychotherapeut
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Angesichts der zunehmenden psychischen Belastung von Studierenden ist es besonders relevant, potenzielle Risikofaktoren für Beeinträchtigungen in studentischen Populationen zu identifizieren. Die vorliegende Studie prüft das Ausmaß sozialer Unterstützung bei Studierenden und Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung. Die epidemiologische Querschnittsstudie basiert auf einer Teilstichprobe von 1006 im Sommersemester 2015 immatrikulierten Göttinger Studierenden. In einer anonymisierten Online-Umfrage wurden Qualität, Quantität und Quellen sozialer Unterstützung und die psychische Symptombelastung erfasst sowie ihre Zusammenhänge in einem korrelativen Versuchsdesign geprüft. Erwartungsgemäß erwiesen sich gering sozial unterstützte Studierende als psychisch belasteter. Annahmen über den Einfluss bestimmter Unterstützungsquellen auf den Zusammenhang von Unterstützungsqualität und psychischer Belastung konnten nicht bestätigt werden. Studierende sind nicht isolierter oder besser sozial unterstützt als Vergleichsgruppen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den Zusammenhang von sozialer Unterstützung und psychischer Belastung auch in der spezifischen Population von Studierenden und können zu der Gestaltung von netzwerkstärkenden und zielgruppenorientierten Interventionsmaßnahmen beitragen. In view of the reported increase in the psychological burden of students, it is of special relevance to identify potential risk factors for mental impairment among student populations. This study examined the relationship between social support and psychological burden. In this epidemiological cross-sectional study 1006 registered students of the University of Goettingen reported in an anonymous online survey on the quality and quantity of their social support and any psychological symptoms. Relationships were examined in a correlational design. As predicted, students with low social support had a higher psychological burden. Hypotheses concerning the influence of specific kinds of social support on the relationship between social support and psychological symptoms were not confirmed. Students are not more isolated or have more social support than comparison groups. The results confirm the relationship between social support and psychological burden in the specific population of students and can contribute to developing target group-oriented interventional measures which could strengthen social networks.

ACS Style

Lena Hennig; Micha Strack; Margarete Boos; Günter Reich. Soziale Unterstützung und psychisches Befinden von Studierenden. Psychotherapeut 2017, 62, 431 -435.

AMA Style

Lena Hennig, Micha Strack, Margarete Boos, Günter Reich. Soziale Unterstützung und psychisches Befinden von Studierenden. Psychotherapeut. 2017; 62 (5):431-435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lena Hennig; Micha Strack; Margarete Boos; Günter Reich. 2017. "Soziale Unterstützung und psychisches Befinden von Studierenden." Psychotherapeut 62, no. 5: 431-435.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Micha Strack; Denise M. Conroy; Waldemar Toporowski. Unveiling ethical product features: The importance of an elaborated information presentation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 162, 1582 -1591.

AMA Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg, Micha Strack, Denise M. Conroy, Waldemar Toporowski. Unveiling ethical product features: The importance of an elaborated information presentation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 162 ():1582-1591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Micha Strack; Denise M. Conroy; Waldemar Toporowski. 2017. "Unveiling ethical product features: The importance of an elaborated information presentation." Journal of Cleaner Production 162, no. : 1582-1591.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Meat Science
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This study investigated the acceptance of pork with varying levels boar-taint related off-flavours both, within a meat-alone (pure) and a meal context. In total, backfat samples of n=24 animals were evaluated by a trained panel. The fat score was then related to the consumer liking of the pork chops. Repeated ANOVA of chop liking with consumer as a random factor (n=37) and fat score as an interval predictor shows neither a main effect of context (dwithin=0.015) nor the interactions of context with linear and quadratic coefficient of the fat score. The linear (b=-0.20) and quadratic (b=-0.24) coefficients of the fat score main effect demonstrate the necessity and effectiveness of sensory quality control at slaughter. The quadratic coefficient showed a distinct penalty for higher fat scores. Sensory defects detected by trained panellists may not be noticed by usually less sensitive consumers.

ACS Style

Lisa Meier-Dinkel; Micha Strack; Kathrin Höinghaus; Daniel Mörlein. Consumers dislike boar taint related off-flavours in pork chops regardless of a meal context. Meat Science 2016, 122, 119 -124.

AMA Style

Lisa Meier-Dinkel, Micha Strack, Kathrin Höinghaus, Daniel Mörlein. Consumers dislike boar taint related off-flavours in pork chops regardless of a meal context. Meat Science. 2016; 122 ():119-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa Meier-Dinkel; Micha Strack; Kathrin Höinghaus; Daniel Mörlein. 2016. "Consumers dislike boar taint related off-flavours in pork chops regardless of a meal context." Meat Science 122, no. : 119-124.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2016 in Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science
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Products consisting of Wood Polymer Composites (WPC, a mixture of wood by-products, plastics and additives) help to generate a more efficient method of resource utilization. This is done by fostering cascade utilization, which involves the multiple uses of raw materials, including their by-products, before they are converted into energy. Central to these innovative materials is a merger of two very contradictory-perceived materials (wood and plastics). Hence, it is unclear which component, wood or plastics, has a greater influence on purchase decisions. Despite numerous studies in the material sciences that aimed to improve the quality of the materials (e.g., Ashrafi et al., 2011; Kuo et al., 2009), there has been little research about their acceptance by prospective customers (e.g., Jonsson et al., 2008; Weinfurter & Eder, 2009). Taking the results together, consumer acceptance of WPC is predicted to be quite low, especially for the ecologically aware segment. The main purpose of the present study is to extend previous research by assessing WPC acceptance in relation to both of the competing materials (wood and plastics). Additionally, the acceptance is determined depending on an individual’s environmental orientation. We conducted a German-speaking online survey (N = 198, mean age 25.47, SD = 3.41, range from 18 to 40) to examine consumers’ intention to buy products consisting of innovative composite materials. A 3 (material: wood, WPC, plastics) × 2 (appearance: wooden, synthetic surface) within subjects design was used. The intention to purchase a chair served as the dependent variable. Two instruments assessed an individual’s environmental orientation: Environmental Concern (EC; Schultz, 2001) and Awareness of Consequences (AC; Ryan & Spash, 2012). A mixed within-subjects GLM of the purchase intention revealed a clear preference for solid wood over full plastics (linear material contrast: F(1,197) = 197.83, p = 0.001), whereas WPC was positioned in the perfect center (squared material contrast: F(1,197) = 1.32, p = 0.251). A wooden appearance was preferred over a synthetic one (F(1,197) = 81.56, p = 0.001). Appearance and material only interacted linearly (F(1,197) = 205.11, p = 0.001). When including an individual’s environmental orientation, EC and AC led to a stronger preference for wood over plastics (EC × linear material contrast: F(1,196) = 13.87, p = 0.001, AC × linear material contrast: F(1,196) = 19.11, p = 0.001). As the squared material contrasts remained non-significant, EC and AC did not change the WPC position (EC × squared material contrast: F(1,196) = 0.27, p = 0.604, AC × squared material contrast: F(1,196) = 1.77, p = 0.185). Hence, respondents scoring high on EC and AC did not reject WPC. The development of innovative materials is crucial for maintaining an economic and ecological balance, as the global resource demand increases. In the present study, WPC was positioned in the perfect center between the wood and plastics products, even for consumers with a high ecological awareness. As the synthetic component is not subtracting too much from the wooden component, the sustainability intention did not fail. Hence, there should be a greater market for WPC than was previously thought.

ACS Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Micha Strack; Waldemar Toporowski. Innovative Materials Facilitating Resource Efficiency: Do Consumers Accept Eco-Friendly Materials? Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science 2016, 307 -308.

AMA Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg, Micha Strack, Waldemar Toporowski. Innovative Materials Facilitating Resource Efficiency: Do Consumers Accept Eco-Friendly Materials? Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2016; ():307-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria-Sophie Osburg; Micha Strack; Waldemar Toporowski. 2016. "Innovative Materials Facilitating Resource Efficiency: Do Consumers Accept Eco-Friendly Materials?" Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science , no. : 307-308.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2014 in British Food Journal
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the parental risk perception of mycotoxins (mould toxins) related to child health in Germany. It ascertains the parental risk reduction behaviour operationalised as parental additional willingness to pay (aWTP) for special child products. It investigates the interrelationships between parental risk perceptions and risk reduction behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – Altogether, 771 questionnaires were sent to 17 day-care centres in Lower Saxony, Germany. A total of 238 questionnaires were completed. The Perceived Food Risk Index was used to identify the main dimensions of parental risk perception of mycotoxins. Open and closed questions measured aWTP for risk reduction and parental risk estimates. Findings – The respondents believed that mycotoxins posed a moderate health risk for children in Germany. However, parental risk assessment was found to be subjected to an optimistic bias. Nevertheless, the parents were willing to pay a premium to protect their children's health against mycotoxins. Parental risk perception of mycotoxins could be described by two dimensions named “Dread” and “Control”. “Dread” and “Control” predicted aWTP for risk reduction as well as being involved in the genesis of optimistic bias. Research limitations/implications – Information regarding mycotoxins provided in the questionnaire probably influenced parental responses. This limits the generalisation of the findings. Originality/value – This research provides initial findings regarding parental risk perceptions of mycotoxins and its impact on risk reduction behaviour. The results are useful for the development of effective risk management and thus for the protection of child health.

ACS Style

Christine Niens; Micha Strack; Rainer Marggraf. Parental risk perception of mycotoxins and risk reduction behaviour. British Food Journal 2014, 116, 1014 -1030.

AMA Style

Christine Niens, Micha Strack, Rainer Marggraf. Parental risk perception of mycotoxins and risk reduction behaviour. British Food Journal. 2014; 116 (6):1014-1030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Niens; Micha Strack; Rainer Marggraf. 2014. "Parental risk perception of mycotoxins and risk reduction behaviour." British Food Journal 116, no. 6: 1014-1030.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2013 in Psychotherapeut
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Empirische Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen familiären Faktoren und essgestörtem Verhalten. Ebenso ist ein erhöhtes Schamempfinden mit einer stärkeren Ausprägung von Essstörungssymptomen und mit als dysfunktional wahrgenommenen Familienbeziehungen assoziiert. Scham kommt somit als Mediator der Beziehung zwischen dysfunktionalen Familienbeziehungen und Essstörungssymptome in Betracht. Bei 69 Patientinnen (55-mal Bulimia nervosa, 14-mal „eating disorder not otherwise specified“, EDNOS) im Alter von 14 bis 22 Jahren, die an einer vergleichenden Therapiewirksamkeitsstudie teilnahmen, wurden zu Therapiebeginn Essstörungssymptome [Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q)] sowie die allgemeine psychische Belastung (Symptom Checklist-90-R, SCL-90R), die Schamausprägung (Test zur Erfassung selbstwertbezogener Emotionen für Kinder und Jugendliche, TESE-KJ) und die wahrgenommenen Familienbeziehungen (Allgemeiner Familienbogen, FB-A) erfasst. Je dysfunktionaler die Familienbeziehungen wahrgenommen wurden, desto höher war die Schamausprägung, und je höher die Scham, desto stärker wurde von Essstörungs- und anderen psychopathologischen Symptomen berichtet. Scham zeigte sich als partieller Mediator der Beziehung zwischen Familienfunktionalität und Symptomen. Erhöhte Schamneigung könnte durch dysfunktionale Familienbeziehungen entstehen, aber auch eine negativere Einschätzung interpersoneller Beziehungen bewirkt haben. Die Kausalitätsrichtung kann in dem korrelativen Studiendesign nicht bestimmt werden. Scham ist dennoch ein wichtiger Faktor, um die Mechanismen zwischen dysfunktionalen Familienbeziehungen und Essstörungssymptomen zu verstehen. Empirical studies show a relationship between family factors and disturbed eating behavior. Feelings of shame are associated with a higher level of eating disorder symptoms and with family relations perceived as being dysfunctional. Thus shame can be understood as a mediator of the relationship between dysfunctional family relations and eating disorder symptoms. For 69 female patients, including 55 with bulimia nervosa and 14 with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) between 14 and 22 years of age, who participated in a comparative study of psychotherapy outcome, eating disorder symptoms (EDI, EDE-Q), general psychiatric symptoms severity (SCL-90R), level of shame (TESE-KJ) and perceived family relations (FB-A) were measured at the beginning of psychotherapy. The higher the feeling of shame the more dysfunctional the perceived family relationships were and the more the eating disorders and general symptoms severity were reported. Shame was a partial mediator of the relationship between family functionality and symptoms. Feelings of shame could originate in dysfunctional family relationships but could also evoke more negative perceptions of interpersonal relationships. The direction of causality could not be proven in the correlative design; nevertheless, shame contributes to an understanding of the mechanisms between dysfunctional family relationships and eating disorder symptoms.

ACS Style

Ulrike Frost; Micha Strack; Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller; Annette Stefini; Hildegard Horn; Klaus Winkelmann; Hinrich Bents; Ursula Rutz; Dr. Günter Reich. Scham und Familienbeziehungen bei Bulimie. Psychotherapeut 2013, 59, 38 -45.

AMA Style

Ulrike Frost, Micha Strack, Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller, Annette Stefini, Hildegard Horn, Klaus Winkelmann, Hinrich Bents, Ursula Rutz, Dr. Günter Reich. Scham und Familienbeziehungen bei Bulimie. Psychotherapeut. 2013; 59 (1):38-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrike Frost; Micha Strack; Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller; Annette Stefini; Hildegard Horn; Klaus Winkelmann; Hinrich Bents; Ursula Rutz; Dr. Günter Reich. 2013. "Scham und Familienbeziehungen bei Bulimie." Psychotherapeut 59, no. 1: 38-45.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2013 in International Journal of Psychology
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This study examines the relationship between Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions—both at the individual and the country levels. By rotating one set of items towards the other, we show that these value dimensions have more in common than previously reported. The ranking of countries (N = 47) based on Schwartz's Embeddedness—Autonomy and the Survival—Self‐Expression dimensions reached a maximum of similarity, r = .82, after rotating Inglehart's factor scores 27 degrees clockwise. The correlation between the other pair of dimensions (Schwartz's Hierarchy‐Mastery—Egalitarianism‐Harmony and Inglehart's Traditional—Secular‐Rational values) was near zero before and after rotation. At the individual level (N = 46,444), positive correlations were found for Schwartz's Conservation—Openness dimension with both of Inglehart's dimensions (Survival—Self‐Expression and Traditional—Secular‐Rational values). The highest correlation with this Schwartz dimension was obtained at the Secular‐Rational/Self‐Expression diagonal, r = .24, after rotating the factor scores 45 degrees clockwise. We conclude that Schwartz's and Inglehart's originally proposed two‐dimensional value structures share one dimension at the country level and some commonality at the individual level, whereas the respective other pair of dimensions seem to be more or less unrelated.

ACS Style

Henrik Dobewall; Micha Strack. Relationship of Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions revisited. International Journal of Psychology 2013, 49, 240 -248.

AMA Style

Henrik Dobewall, Micha Strack. Relationship of Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions revisited. International Journal of Psychology. 2013; 49 (4):240-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Dobewall; Micha Strack. 2013. "Relationship of Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions revisited." International Journal of Psychology 49, no. 4: 240-248.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2013 in Journal of Social and Political Psychology
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As a consequence of interpersonal conflicts, needs of the victimized are violated. These needs have to be addressed in order to achieve reconciliation. Due to the heterogeneity of need categories in scholarly research, we scrutinized which need categories can be empirically identified. 478 participants reported on an experienced interpersonal conflict. They responded to 109 items evaluating the perceived need violation for the conflict they reported on. By means of exploratory factor analysis with a random sub-sample (n1 = 239), six need categories were extracted. These are the need for respect, the need for meaning, the need for acceptance, the need for pleasure, the need for self-efficacy, and the need for safety. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that these needs replicated in the second random sub-sample (n2 = 239) as well as across sub-samples with people who had experienced an interpersonal conflict of lower severity of transgression (nA = 257) or higher severity of transgression (nB = 221). In addition, each of the need categories mediated the relationship between the severity of transgression and the desire for revenge. Yet, the results for the two need categories “pleasure” and “safety” have to be interpreted with caution due to a lack of scalar invariance. Among the other four need categories, respect was identified as the only independent mediator variable. Implications for the transformation of interpersonal conflict and further scholarly inquiries are discussed.

ACS Style

Johanna Kirchhoff; Micha Strack; Ulrich Wagner. The Needs of Victims: An Empirical Categorization Based on Interpersonal Conflicts. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2013, 1, 29 -50.

AMA Style

Johanna Kirchhoff, Micha Strack, Ulrich Wagner. The Needs of Victims: An Empirical Categorization Based on Interpersonal Conflicts. Journal of Social and Political Psychology. 2013; 1 (1):29-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johanna Kirchhoff; Micha Strack; Ulrich Wagner. 2013. "The Needs of Victims: An Empirical Categorization Based on Interpersonal Conflicts." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 1, no. 1: 29-50.

Research article
Published: 15 April 2013 in Small Group Research
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Research on information sharing within groups confirms a favoring of shared compared to unshared information. Social validation is considered to be the primary psychological mechanism explaining this group bias (Wittenbaum, Hubbell, & Zuckerman, 1999). Our focus here is on a process-related measurement of the social validation of shared information, as well as the social nonvalidation of unshared information in the discussion protocols of 31 decision-making groups. Results confirmed that mentioning shared information evoked social validations, whereas mentioning unshared information evoked nonvalidations (H1). Contrary to our expectation that social validation would encourage the repetition of shared information and social nonvalidation would discourage the repetition of nonshared information (H2), we found that nonvalidation of information enhanced the probability of repetition. We conclude that the need for social validation found in face-to-face groups can be overcome in a more task-oriented, goal-focused, and depersonalized media-based communication setting such as the one in this study.

ACS Style

Margarete Boos; Barbara Schauenburg; Micha Strack; Michael Belz. Social Validation of Shared and Nonvalidation of Unshared Information in Group Discussions. Small Group Research 2013, 44, 257 -271.

AMA Style

Margarete Boos, Barbara Schauenburg, Micha Strack, Michael Belz. Social Validation of Shared and Nonvalidation of Unshared Information in Group Discussions. Small Group Research. 2013; 44 (3):257-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margarete Boos; Barbara Schauenburg; Micha Strack; Michael Belz. 2013. "Social Validation of Shared and Nonvalidation of Unshared Information in Group Discussions." Small Group Research 44, no. 3: 257-271.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2013 in SAGE Open
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We present a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedure for computing the reliability of circumplex axes. The tau-equivalent CFA variance decomposition model estimates five variance components: general factor, axes, scale-specificity, block-specificity, and item-specificity. Only the axes variance component is used for reliability estimation. We apply the model to six circumplex types and 13 instruments assessing interpersonal and motivational constructs—Interpersonal Adjective List (IAL), Interpersonal Adjective Scales (revised; IAS-R), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), Impact Messages Inventory (IMI), Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values (CSIV), Support Action Scale Circumplex (SAS-C), Interaction Problems With Animals (IPI-A), Team Role Circle (TRC), Competing Values Leadership Instrument (CV-LI), Love Styles, Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI), Customer Orientation Circle (COC), and System for Multi-Level Observation of Groups (behavioral adjectives; SYMLOG)—in 17 German-speaking samples (29 subsamples, grouped by self-report, other report, and metaperception assessments). The general factor accounted for a proportion ranging from 1% to 48% of the item variance, the axes component for 2% to 30%; and scale specificity for 1% to 28%, respectively. Reliability estimates varied considerably from .13 to .92. An application of the Nunnally and Bernstein formula proposed by Markey, Markey, and Tinsley overestimated axes reliabilities in cases of large-scale specificities but otherwise works effectively. Contemporary circumplex evaluations such as Tracey’s RANDALL are sensitive to the ratio of the axes and scale-specificity components. In contrast, the proposed model isolates both components.

ACS Style

Micha Strack; Ingo Jacobs; Martin Grosse Holtforth. Reliability of Circumplex Axes. SAGE Open 2013, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Micha Strack, Ingo Jacobs, Martin Grosse Holtforth. Reliability of Circumplex Axes. SAGE Open. 2013; 3 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Micha Strack; Ingo Jacobs; Martin Grosse Holtforth. 2013. "Reliability of Circumplex Axes." SAGE Open 3, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2013 in Sustainability
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Graduates of university programs addressing sustainable resource management are likely to shape strategies for natural resource use in the future. Their academic training needs to foster student knowledge of the multiple dimensions of natural resource management. This paper investigates university student understanding of such challenges. We differentiated situational, conceptual, and procedural types of knowledge, and three domains of knowledge (ecological, socio-economic and institutional knowledge), and sampled beginners (third semester) and seniors (seventh semester) of seven natural resource related programs at the leading Indonesian institution of higher education in the field of natural resource management (IPB Bogor; n = 882). The questionnaire consisted of multiple choice and rating scale items covering ‘locally’ relevant open-access resource use issues. With a confirmatory tau-equivalent LISREL model, construct validity was assessed. The ability to extract relevant information from problem descriptions provided (situational knowledge) did not differ between third and seventh semester students. While it was high for ecological and socio-economic items, it was markedly lower for institutional knowledge. Knowledge of relevant scientific concepts (conceptual knowledge) increased in the ecological and socio-economic domains but the effect was small. Conceptual knowledge in the socio-economical and institutional domains tended to be lower than ecological knowledge. Although there was certain improvement, student judgments on the efficacy of resource management options (procedural knowledge) differed strongly from expert judgments for beginners as well as for senior students. We conclude that many of the university students in the sampled programs displayed substantial gaps in their capacity to solve complex, real-world natural resource management problems. Specifically, the socio-economic and institutional knowledge domains—and their integration with ecological knowledge—may require attention by educational planners.

ACS Style

Sebastian Koch; Jan Barkmann; Micha Strack; Leti Sundawati; Susanne Bögeholz. Knowledge of Indonesian University Students on the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. Sustainability 2013, 5, 1443 -1460.

AMA Style

Sebastian Koch, Jan Barkmann, Micha Strack, Leti Sundawati, Susanne Bögeholz. Knowledge of Indonesian University Students on the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (4):1443-1460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Koch; Jan Barkmann; Micha Strack; Leti Sundawati; Susanne Bögeholz. 2013. "Knowledge of Indonesian University Students on the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources." Sustainability 5, no. 4: 1443-1460.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 December 2012 in British Journal of Anaesthesia
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Exact information on the anatomical in situ position of extraglottic airway (EGA) devices is lacking. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the positions of the i-gel™ and the LMA-Supreme™ (LMA-S) relative to skeletal and soft-tissue structures. Twelve volunteers participated in this randomized, prospective, cross-over study. Native MRI scans were performed before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced, and the two EGAs were inserted in a randomized sequence. Their positions were assessed functionally, optically by fibrescope, and with MRI scans of the head and neck. The LMA-S protruded deeper into the upper oesophageal sphincter than the i-gel™ (P<0.001). Both devices reduced the area of the glottic aperture (P<0.001), and the LMA-S had the largest effect (P=0.049). The i-gel™ significantly compressed the tongue (P<0.001). Both devices displaced the hyoid bone ventrally (P<0.001); the i-gel™ to a greater degree (P=0.029). The fibreoptically determined position of the bowl of the devices was identical. The LMA-S and i-gel™ differ significantly with regard to in situ position and spatial relationship with adjacent structures assessed by MRI, despite similar clinical and fibreoptical findings. This could be relevant with regard to risk of aspiration, glottic narrowing, and airway resistance and soft-tissue morbidity.

ACS Style

S.G. Russo; S. Cremer; C. Eich; M. Jipp; J. Cohnen; M. Strack; M. Quintel; A. Mohr. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the in vivo position of the extraglottic airway devices i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™ in anaesthetized human volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2012, 109, 996 -1004.

AMA Style

S.G. Russo, S. Cremer, C. Eich, M. Jipp, J. Cohnen, M. Strack, M. Quintel, A. Mohr. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the in vivo position of the extraglottic airway devices i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™ in anaesthetized human volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2012; 109 (6):996-1004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.G. Russo; S. Cremer; C. Eich; M. Jipp; J. Cohnen; M. Strack; M. Quintel; A. Mohr. 2012. "Magnetic resonance imaging study of the in vivo position of the extraglottic airway devices i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™ in anaesthetized human volunteers." British Journal of Anaesthesia 109, no. 6: 996-1004.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2012 in Europe’s Journal of Psychology
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Based on the 21-item Human Values Scale of the European Social Survey (ESS, 2002–2006), Bilsky, Janik, and Schwartz (2011) concluded that the quasi-circular model of Schwartz’s value theory “fits somewhat less well in less developed societies” (p. 16). This article focuses on their mitigating quantifier “somewhat” and proposes an impartial measure to evaluate Schwartz’s universality claim. European Social Survey data of four rounds 2002–2008 (33 countries, 98 samples) were analysed. Applying restricted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we partitioned the 21 items’ variance into an acquiescence part and the two diagonal axes of growth-protection and social-personal focused values. The variance in the growth–protection axis varied between 22.0% (Austria, in 2002) and 2.0% (samples from Romania, Turkey, Ukraine, Hungary, and Slovakia remain below 5%). Within rounds across countries (respective df = 94), the growth–protection axis’ variance strongly correlates (r = .76) with an index of socioeconomic development, aggregated from five indicators adopted from the World Bank. It also strongly correlates (r = .81) with a sample’s mean member’s location on the growth vs. protection value dimension. We interpret these results as a strong effect and conclude that in socioeconomically less developed countries the value structure remains elliptical or even one-dimensional. The discussion relates the results to Klages’ value synthesis theory.

ACS Style

Micha Strack; Henrik Dobewall. The Value Structure in Socioeconomically Less Developed European Countries Still Remains an Ellipse. Europe’s Journal of Psychology 2012, 8, 587-602 .

AMA Style

Micha Strack, Henrik Dobewall. The Value Structure in Socioeconomically Less Developed European Countries Still Remains an Ellipse. Europe’s Journal of Psychology. 2012; 8 (4):587-602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Micha Strack; Henrik Dobewall. 2012. "The Value Structure in Socioeconomically Less Developed European Countries Still Remains an Ellipse." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 8, no. 4: 587-602.