Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is regarded as a curative approach for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially those with underlying advanced liver disease. However, the recurrence of HCC post-LT poses significant challenges, with reported rates of 15–20% within the first two years following surgery. Effective management of single-nodule recurrence is critical to improving patient outcomes. Methods: This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of surgical resection versus locoregional therapies (LRT) in patients with localized HCC recurrence after LT. We adhered to the PRISMA Statement in conducting a thorough search of relevant studies published from 2009 to 2024, ultimately including ten studies that met our eligibility criteria. Results: The results indicate that patients undergoing surgical treatment displayed superior one-year overall survival (OS) rates compared to those receiving LRT (71% vs. 62%, p = 0.038), as well as higher one-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates (60% vs. 54%, p = 0.042). Notably, patients in the LRT group presented with more advanced HCC characteristics prior to transplantation, including higher rates of microvascular invasion and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that while surgical resection is associated with better survival outcomes, the choice between surgical and locoregional approaches must be individualized based on tumor characteristics and liver function. The ongoing development of standardized guidelines with the inclusion of immunotherapy or targeted agents will be essential in refining treatment pathways and improving outcomes for patients experiencing HCC recurrence following LT.

Left colon diverticular disease (LCDD) is prevalent in the aging populations of industrialized countries, with many patients requiring surgery. Elective surgery decisions should consider individual health conditions and quality of life. Typically, surgery is recommended six weeks after an acute episode. This scoping review, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzed the literature on elective LCDD surgery, focusing on inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation, splenic flexure mobilization (SFM), surgical approach, and extent of resection. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to May 2025. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria: 2 randomized trials (RCTs), 6 systematic reviews, 3 prospective studies, and 9 retrospective cohorts. The findings suggest preserving the IMA and selectively omitting SFM may reduce minor complications without compromising safety. Resection should reach the rectosigmoid junction and include only the affected colon segment. Minimally invasive techniques, especially laparoscopic surgery improve outcomes, reduce morbidity, and are more cost-effective than open surgery. Robotic approaches offer new options for complex cases. Surgical strategies must be tailored to disease severity, patient comorbidities, and anatomy. Further prospective studies are needed to refine guidelines and support personalized surgical decisions in LCDD management.