Risk is inherent in all parts of life and brings consequences, but when it specifically emerges in supply chains, it is susceptible. Therefore, this study aims at identifying and assessing supply chain risks and developing criteria for managing these risks. Supply chain (SC) risks consist of complex, uncertain, and vague information, but risk assessment techniques in the literature have been unable to handle complexity, uncertainty, and vagueness. Therefore, this study presents a holistic approach to supply chain risk management. In this paper, neutrosophic (N) theory is merged with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to deal with complexity, uncertainty, and vagueness. Then the proposed methodology is practically implemented through a case study on the automotive industry. SC resilience, SC agility, and SC robustness were selected as criteria for managing supply chain risks and analyzed using N-AHP. Furthermore, seventeen risks were identified and assessed by using N-TOPSIS. Results suggest supply chain resilience is the most important criterion for managing supply chain risks. Moreover, supplier delivery delays, supplier quality problems, supplier communication failures, and forecasting errors are the most vulnerable risks that occur in supply chains of the automotive industry in Pakistan.

In today’s emerging environment sustainable supply chain risks play a vital role in firms’ performance more than ever, because risks tend to disrupt sustainable operations, which ultimately reduces a firm’s performance, but these risks can be managed through supply chain integration practices, which leads to higher firms’ performance. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between sustainable supply chain risks, supply chain integration, and firm’s financial performance. This study employs 296 survey observations along with financial data of published annual statements to estimate the quantitative causal-effects of three dimensions of sustainable supply chain risks on supply chain integration and financial performance. The findings of the study suggest that sustainable internal business process risks, sustainable supply risks, and sustainable demand risks have a negative relationship with supply chain integration. Furthermore, results of the study explored that all the three supply chain integration practices have a positive impact on firms’ financial performance, which suggests that implementing supply chain integration practices reduces the effect of supply chain risks and increases the firm’s performance.

This study explores the influence of firm-generated social media content, perceived enjoyment, and originality on brand trust and purchase decisions. Additionally, the study examines whether environmental concern works as a moderator between customer engagement and purchase decisions. A quantitative survey was done as an investigation approach for the present inquiry on 400 participants. The outcomes show that firm-generated social media content, perceived enjoyment, and perceived originality positively impact brand trust and purchase decisions. Furthermore, environmental concern moderates the connection between customer engagement and purchase decision, meaning customers with a more significant environmental concern are more expected to purchase when they engage with a brand on social media. These findings have important implications for marketers who aim to build brand trust and increase purchase decisions through social media marketing. They also highlight the importance of considering customers' environmental concerns when designing social media marketing campaigns.

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an online recruitment system and its impact on organizational attraction among fresh graduate job seekers. A sample comprised of 302 fresh graduate job seekers from well-known HEC recognized business schools in the Lahore region is selected using Stratified Random Sampling. Since the data is not normal, the Kruskill Wall is test of mean differences is applied to compare the effectiveness of e-recruitment with traditional methods of recruitment. Furthermore, the Macro process tool of Regression analysis is used to examine the matter of cost-effectiveness, easy to use and website quality. Findings of regression results confirm that e-recruitment has a positive influence on organizational attraction and cost-effectiveness and easy to use mediate the relationship between e-recruitment and organizational attraction. However, the positive relation between e-recruitment and organizational attraction depends on the quality of the recruitment website which depicts that Sitequal (Website Quality) moderates the relationship between e-recruitment and organization attraction. Thus, this study offers valuable findings for managers that aim to adopt E-recruitment systems in their hiring process.