The destabilization of the geopolitical, socio-economic and security situation in the world has exacerbated the issue of sustainable development of regional economies and deepening their interaction. Ensuring the growth of the national economy as a whole and individual regions in particular makes the search for mechanisms aimed specifically at internal sources relevant. Spatial development is gaining particular importance due to the increasing role of transport infrastructure in ensuring the economic growth of regions. The socio-economic heterogeneity of regional systems plays a decisive role in the formation of mechanisms for ensuring economic growth, which determines the diversity and contradictions of the effects of transport infrastructure on them. This is expressed in the fact that similar infrastructure facilities in different regions can have different organizational and economic effects. Thus, the appearance of a road can lead to the acceleration of material flows, thereby contributing to the development of the region's economy, and on the other hand, can stimulate an accelerated outflow of population. At the same time, the principles of managing social development and economic growth of regions obtained in practice do not allow to take into account the functional diversity and inconsistency of the effects of transport infrastructure and thereby complicate the search for effective mechanisms for ensuring regional development. growth based on the development of transport infrastructure. Therefore, the study focuses on the actualization of the need to introduce innovative mechanisms into the economy of regions by determining the conditions necessary and sufficient for the implementation of the role of transport infrastructure as one of the sources of sustainable economic growth. In this regard, the knowledge of the essence and patterns of the mutual influence of transport and regional economic development is of great theoretical and practical interest.

Computer vision–based weed detection plays a critical role in agricultural robotics, enabling accurate, selective weeding. These systems operate on resource-constrained embedded platforms, which introduces a significant trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. This study presents a comparative evaluation of six detection models (YOLOv11n, YOLOv11s, SSD-Lite, NanoDet, Faster R-CNN, RT-DETR) for agro-robotic applications, measuring precision, recall, mAP@0.5, and runtime on low-power hard-ware. NanoDet achieved the highest detection accuracy (precision 98.6%, recall 94.2%, mAP@0.5 97.7%). YOLOv11s demonstrated similar performance (mAP@0.5: 96.1%) but required more computation. YOLOv11n provides the most favourable balance between accuracy and throughput (mAP@0.5: 94.6%, 207 FPS on a workstation). On Raspberry Pi 5, light models achieved 3–5 FPS. RT-DETR and Faster R-CNN exhibited high latency (3112–6500 ms/frame), which prevents real-time operation. NanoDet excelled in detection, while YOLOv11n provides the best balance between accuracy and efficiency for limited devices.

Құрылыстағы аддитивті технологияның қазіргі кездегі өзекті мәселелерінің бірі – 3D баспаланған бетонды арматуралау болып тұр. Осы уақытқа дейінгі зерттеу жұмыстары 3D баспаланған бетонды арматуралауда тек стандартты бұдырлы болат арматураны қолданғанда ғана оның механикалық қасиеттері дәстүрлі темірбетонның қасиеттеріне жақындайтынын дәлелдеді. Ендігі шешімін табу керек мәселе – 3D баспаланған бетонды стандартты бұдырлы болат арматурамен арматуралау үрдісін аутоматтандыру. Осы мәселені шешу мақсатында бұл жұмыста түйіспелі дәнекерлеу әдісін пайдаланып, аутоматты режимде екі қатарлы арматуралаушы тор құратын аутоматты арматуралаушы механизмнің тұжырымдамасы жасалынып, сол тұжырымдамаға сай оның прототипі жасалынды және жұмыс қабілеттілігін тексеру үшін зертханалық сынақтар жүргізілді. Атап айтқанда, түйіспелі дәнекерлеу әдісін пайдаланып аутоматты режимде жасалатын арматуралаушы тордың механикалық қасиеттері DIN 488-4 стандартының талаптарына сәйкестігін анықтау үшін және прототиптің түйіспелі дәнекерлеу жүйесін тексеру мақсатында крест тәріздес үлгілер жасалынып, динамомашинада ығыстыру әдісімен үзіп тексерілді. Сонымен қатар, аутоматты арматуралаушы механизмнің прототипінің барлық жүйелерінің жұмыс қабілеттілігі тексерілді. Сөйтіп ұсынылған концепцияның жұмыс қабілеттілігі дәлелденді.

Modern requirements for aluminum alloys used in mechanical engineering and aviation include increased strength characteristics and refined microstructure. One of the promising methods for improving the properties of aluminum alloys is rolling on a three-high skew rolling mill, which provides intense plastic deformation and a fine-grained structure. This study describes the results of numerical modeling of the rolling process of aluminum alloy 6082 rods in a three-high skew-type mill. Numerical modeling of alloy 6082 was conducted using the ForgeNxT 2.1 software designed to simulate metal-forming processes, including rolling. The rheological behavior of the material under study was investigated by compression tests using a Gleeble 3800 plastometer (“DSI”, Austin, TX, USA), which enabled the determination of the main parameters of material flow under specified conditions. The process of rolling bars of alloy 6082 on a three-high skew mill was numerically analyzed in the temperature range of 350–400 °C. This allowed for the study of the distribution of stresses, temperatures, and strain rates from the rolling mode. A physical experiment was conducted to validate the results of numerical modeling. The obtained results enabled the identification of rolling modes that promote microstructure refinement and enhance the mechanical properties of the alloy.

Structural materials with ultrafine-grained (UFG) or nano- and submicrocrystalline structure significantly surpass materials obtained by traditional methods, such as casting and pressure processing, in a number of their mechanical characteristics (hardness, etc.). That is why such alloys (mainly alloys based on aluminum, magnesium, titanium) are in constant demand in industry, especially in space, aviation and shipbuilding. The main method for obtaining an ultrafine-grained metal structure is equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), which is one of the methods of intense plastic deformation (IPD). In addition, there are a number of other methods, such as high-pressure torsion, accumulative roll gluing, the KOBO method and a number of others. Obtaining blanks from corrosion-resistant non-ferrous alloys by the listed methods is not always effective for industrial, mass production volumes, which is why the development and search for methods for obtaining an ultrafine-grained structure of materials continues. This article discusses methods for obtaining an ultrafine-grained structure of alloys, the advantages of these methods and their disadvantages. For aluminum alloy 6082, a method for obtaining a similar structure by rolling on a three-roll radial-shear mill is considered.