Objective. Develop and semantically validate an instrument to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods. Validation study of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards CPR, developed in three phases: (i) development of the evaluation instruments by the authors; (ii) content validation performed by 14 expert judges in the area using the content validity index for analysis; and (iii) semantic validation carried out with the participation of 30 adolescents between 11 and 13 years old. Results. In the content validation, the questions on CPR knowledge obtained a content validity index (CVI) between 0.92 and 1.00, with a general index of 0.98; and the questions about attitudes obtained an IVC between 0.85 and 1.00, with a general index also of 0.98. Regarding semantic validation, three questions were modified in the knowledge assessment instruments and five in the attitude assessment instrument. Conclusion. Semantic and content validation of the instruments studied showed that they are suitable for assessing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to CPR, so their use is recommended in the evaluation of training actions in this population group.

Background: Human care represents the essence of nursing but faces challenges from increasing technological advancement and healthcare system bureaucratization. Objective: To understand how nursing students balance technical demands with human aspects of care during pre-professional practice experiences. Methods: An interpretive phenomenological study was conducted with 17 nursing students (12 women, 5 men) in their eighth and ninth semesters from a public university in northern Ecuador. The data were collected through focused interviews during the first quarter of 2025. Analysis followed a four-stage phenomenological process: epoché, phenomenological reduction, eidetic reduction, and transcendental reduction, culminating in phenomenological interpretation. Data saturation was achieved, and methodological rigor criteria were applied including triangulation with external analysts. Results: Six main strategies emerged that students develop to balance technical demands with humanized care: Time Management and Optimization, Integration of Human and Technical Dimensions, Patient Communication About Time Constraints, Emotional Regulation and Boundary Setting, Resistance to Dehumanization, and Institutional Context Adaptation. Students transform technical procedures into therapeutic opportunities and develop resilient competencies that preserve nursing’s humanistic values. Conclusions: Nursing students develop integrative competencies that balance technical excellence with human sensitivity. Curriculum modifications are needed to include specific competencies in emotional regulation, therapeutic communication, and dehumanization resistance strategies.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha dejado como consecuencia una alta mortalidad, así como una disminución de la respuesta de los servicios de salud a nivel mundial. Muchas personas modificaron sus estilos de vida debido al deterioro de su salud tanto durante el proceso agudo de la enfermedad como en la etapa posterior. La depresión y, especialmente, los trastornos del sueño merecen atención debido a su alta prevalencia dentro del denominado síndrome pos-COVID-19 por estar relacionados con un deterioro de la calidad de vida de los afectados. Conocer su prevalencia y entender su fisiopatología, espectro clínico y forma de tratamiento aún son motivo de investigación. El objetivo de la presente revisión narrativa es mostrar los últimos alcances acerca de los trastornos del sueño como manifestación del síndrome pos-COVID-19; para ello, se consultó literatura científica utilizando tres bases de datos, PubMed, Scopus y SciELO, obteniendo un total de 867 artículos, los cuales fueron sometidos a revisión por título y resumen. Esta búsqueda se actualizó en dos oportunidades, y de esta evaluación resultaron 61 artículos que fueron incluidos para esta revisión narrativa. Se destaca una prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño en el síndrome pos-COVID-19 de 9,7 % hasta 50 %; en la determinación de la causa se identifica que es de origen multifactorial, donde la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica podría jugar un papel fundamental por la acción tóxica de las citoquinas y la respuesta neuronal deficiente para revertir el proceso inflamatorio. El insomnio es el síntoma más frecuente; el sexo femenino y los trastornos depresivos concomitantes representan los factores de riesgo prevalentes. Existe un posible efecto benéfico de los fármacos antidepresivos para el control de los síntomas, así como de medidas no farmacológicas como la terapia física individualizada y un régimen nutricional antioxidante. Se concluye que aún existen muchos vacíos respecto a la comprensión de esta patología y que dilucidarlos amerita mayor investigación.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the suitability of the low-fidelity/low-cost simulator “Salvando a Rosita^®” in the acquisition of “hands-only CPR” skills by adult nursing degree students. Methods: A quasi-experimental quantitative study was carried out with a single experimental group that included 89 nursing degree students; it was conducted in November and December 2024 at the National University of Trujillo, Peru. Results: The STAI-TA score was 17.30, and the STAI-SA score was 37.00 points. Women showed a greater level of SA (p = 0.002). The required effort was described by women as being high and by men as light (p < 0.001). The compression rate was 125.7, and the percentage of compressions with an adequate depth was 89.6%. Overweight/obese individuals achieved more correct compressions (p < 0.01). The attitudes toward alerting emergency services, remaining calm while a person is in cardiac arrest, applying the CPR sequence automatically, and performing CCs were better after receiving training. The majority considered the “Salvando a Rosita^®” simulator to be useful for teaching “hands-only CPR” to students in the first cycles of a nursing degree. Conclusions: The “Salvando a Rosita^®” simulator was found to be an appropriate tool for teaching “hands-only CPR” to students in either the first cycles of health sciences or in other related professions.

Background/Objectives: In this study, we aimed to analyze the validity, based on the internal structure of the construct, measurement invariance by sex, and reliability of the scores for the “Knowledge in Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Peruvian children/adolescents” (KBCPR_P21) and “Attitudes in Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Peruvian children/adolescents” (ABCPR_P21) instruments in Spanish. Methods: A cross-sectional and instrumental methodological study was conducted between February and August 2021, with the participation of 415 Peruvian elementary school students between 8 and 13 years of age. Participants responded to surveys on knowledge and attitudes toward CPR. For both instruments, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used as the estimation method for categorical data. Results: All of the items for both scales have high discriminative capacity (>0.30), and both scales showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.87 and McDonald’s omega > 0.90). The validity, based on the internal structure of the construct, implied the existence of a single factor grouping all the items in the two scales (CFI and TLI > 0.95; RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis also allowed us to satisfactorily verify measurement invariance by sex at the four levels (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) for both scales. Conclusions: We can conclude that the values obtained in our evaluation of the scales favor considering them as valid and reliable instruments with which to measure knowledge and attitudes toward basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children/adolescents in Peru, given prior learning. The scales could also be used in the evaluation of knowledge and attitudes around basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in other countries, providing trainers with rapid feedback on the knowledge and attitudes transmitted in training courses, thus allowing better control over the training activities carried out in these courses. Finally, the availability of the scales would allow researchers to empirically test their psychometric properties in other countries.