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Irrigation salinity is a common environmental threat for sustainable development in the Keriya Oasis, arid Northwest China. It is mainly caused by unreasonable land management and excessive irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess and map the salinity risk distribution by developing a composite risk index (CRI) for seventeen risk parameters from traditional and scientific fields, based on maximizing deviation method and analytic hierarchy process, the grey relational analysis and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) sustainability framework. The results demonstrated that the northern part of the Shewol and Yeghebagh village has a very high salinity risk, which might be caused by flat and low terrain, high subsoil total soluble salt, high groundwater salinity and shallow groundwater depth. In contrast, the southern part of the Oasis has a low risk of salinity because of high elevation, proper drainage conditions and a suitable groundwater table. This achievement has shown that southern parts of the Oasis are suitable for irrigation agriculture; for the northern area, there is no economically feasible solution but other areas at higher risk can be restored by artificial measures. Therefore, this study provides policy makers with baseline data for restoring the soil salinity within the Oasis.
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet; Guang-Hui Lv; Abdugheni Abliz; Qing-Dong Shi; Abdulla Abliz; Abdusalam Turup. Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China. Water 2018, 10, 966 .
AMA StyleJumeniyaz Seydehmet, Guang-Hui Lv, Abdugheni Abliz, Qing-Dong Shi, Abdulla Abliz, Abdusalam Turup. Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China. Water. 2018; 10 (7):966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJumeniyaz Seydehmet; Guang-Hui Lv; Abdugheni Abliz; Qing-Dong Shi; Abdulla Abliz; Abdusalam Turup. 2018. "Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China." Water 10, no. 7: 966.
Cities at the fringe of the Taklimakan desert in NW China are prone to dust and sand storms with serious consequences for human well-being. The Kökyar Protection Forest was established in the 1980s as an ecological engineering project with the intent of protecting the city of Aksu, NW China, from these impacts. It is designed as a combination of poplar shelterbelts and orchards, irrigated by river water from the Aksu River, the main tributary of the Tarim River. Prevalent literature describes it as an afforestation project for combatting desertification with manifold positive effects for the economic, social, and environmental dimension of sustainable development. This paper sets out to challenge these claims by a sustainability assessment in which the plantation is examined from a broader perspective, embedding it to the wider context of social and environmental problems in South Xinjiang. Methods comprise evapotranspiration calculations, interviews, a socioeconomic household survey, stakeholder dialogues, and literature research. Results affirm its economic sustainability, but see a mixed record for the social sphere. From the nature conservation point of view, it has to be classified as unsustainable because its high irrigation water consumption results in the downstream desiccation and desertification of natural riparian forests along the Tarim River, causing a forest loss in the downstream area twice the size of the forest gain in the upstream area. There is a trade-off between artificial shelterbelt plantations for urban ecosystem services on the one hand side, and natural riparian forests and their biodiversity on the other hand side. The paper recommends restricting agricultural extension, and using locally adapted less water consuming agroforestry schemes to protect urban dwellers from dust stress.
Siegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp. Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China. Water 2018, 10, 343 .
AMA StyleSiegmund Missall, Abdulla Abliz, Ümüt Halik, Niels Thevs, Martin Welp. Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China. Water. 2018; 10 (3):343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik; Niels Thevs; Martin Welp. 2018. "Trading Natural Riparian Forests for Urban Shelterbelt Plantations—A Sustainability Assessment of the Kökyar Protection Forest in NW China." Water 10, no. 3: 343.
Significant anthropogenic and biophysical changes have caused fluctuations in the soil salinization area of the Keriya Oasis in China. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) sustainability framework and Bayesian networks (BNs) were used to integrate information from anthropogenic and natural systems to model the trend of secondary soil salinization. The developed model predicted that light salinization (vegetation coverage of around 15–20%, soil salt 5–10 g/kg) of the ecotone will increase in the near term but decelerate slightly in the future, and that farmland salinization will decrease in the near term. This trend is expected to accelerate in the future. Both trends are attributed to decreased water logging, increased groundwater exploitation, and decreased ratio of evaporation/precipitation. In contrast, severe salinization (vegetation coverage of around 2%, soil salt ≥20 g/kg) of the ecotone will increase in the near term. This trend will accelerate in the future because decreased river flow will reduce the flushing of severely salinized soil crust. Anthropogenic factors have negative impacts and natural causes have positive impacts on light salinization of ecotones. In situations involving severe farmland salinization, anthropogenic factors have persistent negative impacts.
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet; Guang Lv; İlyas Nurmemet; Tayierjiang Aishan; Abdulla Abliz; Mamat Sawut; Abdugheni Abliz; Mamattursun Eziz. Model Prediction of Secondary Soil Salinization in the Keriya Oasis, Northwest China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 656 .
AMA StyleJumeniyaz Seydehmet, Guang Lv, İlyas Nurmemet, Tayierjiang Aishan, Abdulla Abliz, Mamat Sawut, Abdugheni Abliz, Mamattursun Eziz. Model Prediction of Secondary Soil Salinization in the Keriya Oasis, Northwest China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJumeniyaz Seydehmet; Guang Lv; İlyas Nurmemet; Tayierjiang Aishan; Abdulla Abliz; Mamat Sawut; Abdugheni Abliz; Mamattursun Eziz. 2018. "Model Prediction of Secondary Soil Salinization in the Keriya Oasis, Northwest China." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 656.
In this study, we sought to explore the changes of soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC), as well as to study the relationships between these soil properties and the vegetative indexes of plant coverage, height and crown density and diameter during the Phragmites australis (P. australis) growth period. By combining floristic and edaphic variables (soil moisture and EC), we found that at 0–10 cm depth, the soil moisture varied greatly, while the soil moisture at 10–50 cm depth, EC at 0–50 cm depth, and vegetation properties varied only moderately. A great amount of evaporation offered a possible reason for this moderate variability in soil moisture and EC. Geostatistical analyses revealed that the soil moisture at 0–50 cm depth, and the density of P. australis (Cav.) had a strong spatial autocorrelation, while the EC at 0–50 cm depth had only a weak spatial autocorrelation depending on the nugget effect. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the soil moisture and vegetation characteristics at the depth of 0–50 cm, but there was a negative correlation between EC and vegetation characteristics at the depth of 30–50 cm. Furthermore, an increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on P. australis (Cav.) growth, while an increase in EC had a negative effect.
Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Polat Muhtar; İlyas Nurmamat; Abdulla Abliz; Tayierjiang Aishan. Influence of soil moisture and electrical conductivity on the growth of Phragmites australis (Cav.) in the Keriya oasis, China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2016, 75, 1 -8.
AMA StyleZulpiya Mamat, Umut Halik, Polat Muhtar, İlyas Nurmamat, Abdulla Abliz, Tayierjiang Aishan. Influence of soil moisture and electrical conductivity on the growth of Phragmites australis (Cav.) in the Keriya oasis, China. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2016; 75 (5):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Polat Muhtar; İlyas Nurmamat; Abdulla Abliz; Tayierjiang Aishan. 2016. "Influence of soil moisture and electrical conductivity on the growth of Phragmites australis (Cav.) in the Keriya oasis, China." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 5: 1-8.
In this paper, the temporal variation and causes of groundwater depth, total dissolved solids (TDS), and NO3 −-N in groundwater, as well as salt and water in soil profiles in the Yutian oasis, northwest China from 2001 to 2010 have been studied. The results showed that: (1) during this period, the NO3 −-N in the groundwater showed an increasing trend with the order of mean values at 2010 > 2005 > 2001, while the average values of the groundwater depth and TDS in groundwater were both in the order of 2010 < 2005 < 2001. (2) The geostatistical analysis showed that in 2001, 2005 and 2010, the spatial distribution of the water table and TDS contents in groundwater, and salt and water in soil profiles all declined when going from the northern to the southern region of the oasis, while the NO3 −-N contents in groundwater declined when going from the center to the periphery. (3) Correlation analysis showed that in these three periods, there were obvious correlations between the water table and the TDS in groundwater, the groundwater depth, and the salt content in soil (0–60 cm), and the water table and the water content in soil (0–60 cm). (4) This work found that during recent years, with the influence of natural and human factors, the water table, the TDS, and NO3 −-N in groundwater were significantly increased. At the same time, there was an increase trend in the salt content and a decrease trend in the water content in soil profiles, resulting in increased degree of salinization in the oasis. This deserves much attention and reasonable planning of economic development in the oasis and strict control of the use of water resources should be inspired.
Zulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Polat Muhtar; İlyas Nurmamat; Abdulla Abliz. Temporal variation of significant soil hydrological parameters in the Yutian oasis in Northwest China from 2001 to 2010. Environmental Earth Sciences 2016, 75, 1 -16.
AMA StyleZulpiya Mamat, Umut Halik, Polat Muhtar, İlyas Nurmamat, Abdulla Abliz. Temporal variation of significant soil hydrological parameters in the Yutian oasis in Northwest China from 2001 to 2010. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2016; 75 (4):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulpiya Mamat; Umut Halik; Polat Muhtar; İlyas Nurmamat; Abdulla Abliz. 2016. "Temporal variation of significant soil hydrological parameters in the Yutian oasis in Northwest China from 2001 to 2010." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 4: 1-16.
In this paper, the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater depth and groundwater salinity associated with agricultural activities and land cover and land use (LCLU) in the Keriya Oasis, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, was investigated. A decision tree classification was developed for LCLU mapping by using Landsat 8 imagery. Radial basis function, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Moran’s I statistics and geographically weighted regression were employed to identify the spatial and temporal relationship between topsoil salinity and LCLU types. The results showed that groundwater depth in about 75 % of the study area was less than 3.0 m. Groundwater salinity showed an increasing trend with decreasing groundwater depth. A relatively higher positive correlation (r = 0.87) was found between groundwater salinity and topsoil salinity. Topsoil salinity was exacerbated by agricultural activities at the upstream of seasonal rivers, causing severe soil salinization and soil degradation in the downstream. Both groundwater depth and soil salinity showed seasonal fluctuations with the shallowest groundwater level occurring in spring, while during summer and autumn, groundwater depth increased due to the extensive of agricultural water consumption and the regional evapotranspiration, which was followed by a winter recharge; non-saline groundwater region was 21 % of the research area in spring, which dropped to 1.1, 1.0 and 1.2 %, respectively, during the summer, autumn and winter. The results also demonstrated that shallow groundwater depth of 2.5 m is the critical depth value for soil salinization in the Keriya Oasis.
Abdulla Abliz; Tashpolat Tiyip; Abduwasit Ghulam; Ümüt Halik; Jian-Li Ding; Mamat Sawut; Fei Zhang; İlyas Nurmemet; Abdugheni Abliz. Effects of shallow groundwater table and salinity on soil salt dynamics in the Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2016, 75, 1 -15.
AMA StyleAbdulla Abliz, Tashpolat Tiyip, Abduwasit Ghulam, Ümüt Halik, Jian-Li Ding, Mamat Sawut, Fei Zhang, İlyas Nurmemet, Abdugheni Abliz. Effects of shallow groundwater table and salinity on soil salt dynamics in the Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2016; 75 (3):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulla Abliz; Tashpolat Tiyip; Abduwasit Ghulam; Ümüt Halik; Jian-Li Ding; Mamat Sawut; Fei Zhang; İlyas Nurmemet; Abdugheni Abliz. 2016. "Effects of shallow groundwater table and salinity on soil salt dynamics in the Keriya Oasis, Northwestern China." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 3: 1-15.
Urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon and a major driver of global environmental change. For example, 75 % of the annual CO2 emissions are produced in cities and towns. Currently, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities. By 2050, this proportion is predicted to increase to 66 % (UN World Urbanization Prospects 2014).
Martin Welp; Natalie Ward; Siegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik. Providing Urban Ecosystem Services for Human Well-Being: A Comparison of Exemplary Institutional Arrangements in China and Germany. Urbanization and Locality 2015, 229 -247.
AMA StyleMartin Welp, Natalie Ward, Siegmund Missall, Abdulla Abliz, Ümüt Halik. Providing Urban Ecosystem Services for Human Well-Being: A Comparison of Exemplary Institutional Arrangements in China and Germany. Urbanization and Locality. 2015; ():229-247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Welp; Natalie Ward; Siegmund Missall; Abdulla Abliz; Ümüt Halik. 2015. "Providing Urban Ecosystem Services for Human Well-Being: A Comparison of Exemplary Institutional Arrangements in China and Germany." Urbanization and Locality , no. : 229-247.
Soil salinization is one of the most widespread soil degradation processes on Earth, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The salinized soil in arid to semi-arid Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China accounts for 31% of the area of cultivated land, and thus it is pivotal for the sustainable agricultural development of the area to identify reliable and cost-effective methodologies to monitor the spatial and temporal variations in soil salinity. This objective was accomplished over the study area (Keriya River Basin, northwestern China) by adopting technologies that heavily rely on, and integrate information contained in, a readily available suite of remote sensing datasets. The following procedures were conducted: (1) a selective principle component analysis (S-PCA) fusion image was generated using Phased Array Type L-band SAR (PALSAR) backscattering coefficient (σ°) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) multispectral image of Keriya River Basin; and (2) a support vector machines (SVM) classification method was employed to classify land cover types with a focus on mapping salinized soils; (3) a cross-validation method was adopted to identify the optimum classification parameters, and obtain an optimal SVM classification model; (4) Radarsat-2 (C band) and PALSAR polarimetric images were used to analyze polarimetric backscattering behaviors in relation to the variation in soil salinization; (5) a decision tree (DT) scheme for multi-source optical and polarimetric SAR data integration was proposed to improve the estimation and monitoring accuracies of soil salinization; and (6) detailed field observations and ground truthing were used for validation of the adopted methodology, and quantity and allocation disagreement measures were applied to assess classification outcome. Results showed that the fusion of passive reflective and active microwave remote sensing data provided an effective tool in detecting soil salinization. Overall accuracy of the adopted SVM classifier with optimal parameters for fused image of ETM+ and PALSAR data was 91.25% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.89, which was further improved by the DT data integration and classification method yielding an accuracy of 93.01% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.92 and lower disagreement of quantity and allocation.
İlyas Nurmemet; Abduwasit Ghulam; Tashpolat Tiyip; Racha Elkadiri; Jian-Li Ding; Matthew Maimaitiyiming; Abdulla Abliz; Mamat Sawut; Fei Zhang; Abdugheni Abliz; Qian Sun. Monitoring Soil Salinization in Keriya River Basin, Northwestern China Using Passive Reflective and Active Microwave Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing 2015, 7, 8803 -8829.
AMA Styleİlyas Nurmemet, Abduwasit Ghulam, Tashpolat Tiyip, Racha Elkadiri, Jian-Li Ding, Matthew Maimaitiyiming, Abdulla Abliz, Mamat Sawut, Fei Zhang, Abdugheni Abliz, Qian Sun. Monitoring Soil Salinization in Keriya River Basin, Northwestern China Using Passive Reflective and Active Microwave Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7 (7):8803-8829.
Chicago/Turabian Styleİlyas Nurmemet; Abduwasit Ghulam; Tashpolat Tiyip; Racha Elkadiri; Jian-Li Ding; Matthew Maimaitiyiming; Abdulla Abliz; Mamat Sawut; Fei Zhang; Abdugheni Abliz; Qian Sun. 2015. "Monitoring Soil Salinization in Keriya River Basin, Northwestern China Using Passive Reflective and Active Microwave Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 7, no. 7: 8803-8829.
The city of Aksu, situated at the northern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert in northwest China, is exposed to severe periodic dust and sand storms. In 1986, local authorities decided to establish a peri-urban shelterbelt plantation, the so-called Kökyar Protection Forest, with the aim of reducing dust and sand storm impacts on Aksu City by the regulating ecosystem services provided by the plantation. It was realised as a patchwork of poplar shelterbelts and orchards. The total area of the plantation reached 3800 ha in 2005. The Kökyar Protection Forest is used as a case study to answer the following question: under which institutional frameworks and to which financial conditions can peri-urban shelterbelts be established and maintained? The endeavour of planting the shelterbelt was made possible by the annual mass mobilisation of Aksu citizens, based on the Chinese regulation of the "National Compulsory Afforestation Campaigns". Establishment costs amounted to ca. CNY 60 000 ha−1 (ca. USD 10 000 ha−1). Permanent maintenance of the plantation is facilitated by leasing orchard plots to private fruit farmers. From the perspective of the local economy, annual farming net benefits generated by Kökyar fruit farmers more than compensate for annual government grants for maintenance, resulting in an average overall monetary net benefit of at least CNY 10 500 ha−1 (ca. USD 1600 ha−1) in the long term. For a more complete understanding of Kökyar Protection Forest, future research should be directed towards quantifying the effect of its regulating ecosystem services and on investigating the negative downstream consequences of its water consumption.
S. Missall; M. Welp; N. Thevs; A. Abliz; Ü. Halik. Establishment and maintenance of regulating ecosystem services in a dryland area of central Asia, illustrated using the Kökyar Protection Forest, Aksu, NW China, as an example. Earth System Dynamics 2015, 6, 359 -373.
AMA StyleS. Missall, M. Welp, N. Thevs, A. Abliz, Ü. Halik. Establishment and maintenance of regulating ecosystem services in a dryland area of central Asia, illustrated using the Kökyar Protection Forest, Aksu, NW China, as an example. Earth System Dynamics. 2015; 6 (1):359-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Missall; M. Welp; N. Thevs; A. Abliz; Ü. Halik. 2015. "Establishment and maintenance of regulating ecosystem services in a dryland area of central Asia, illustrated using the Kökyar Protection Forest, Aksu, NW China, as an example." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 1: 359-373.
Tayierjiang Aishan; Ümüt Halik; Bernd Cyffka; Martin Kuba; Abdulla Abliz; Aliya Baidourela. Monitoring the hydrological and ecological response to water diversion in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China. Quaternary International 2013, 311, 155 -162.
AMA StyleTayierjiang Aishan, Ümüt Halik, Bernd Cyffka, Martin Kuba, Abdulla Abliz, Aliya Baidourela. Monitoring the hydrological and ecological response to water diversion in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China. Quaternary International. 2013; 311 ():155-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTayierjiang Aishan; Ümüt Halik; Bernd Cyffka; Martin Kuba; Abdulla Abliz; Aliya Baidourela. 2013. "Monitoring the hydrological and ecological response to water diversion in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China." Quaternary International 311, no. : 155-162.