Purpose: This study aims to determine the perceptions of Muslim tourists interested in visiting halal West Java post Covid-19 pandemic has ended. Theoretical framework: West Java is a region of Indonesia that has the potential to become the cornerstone of Indonesia's halal tourism industry so that it can increase its income. However, the government and the community have yet to find solutions to issues with tourism management, particularly in promoting tourism to a larger community. Design/methodology/approach: The non-probability sampling technique used in the quantitative research method yields a sample of 260 respondents. The hypothesis is tested for significance utilizing Path and the Partial Least Square (PLS) analyses of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings: The result shows that halal tourism and destination image influence visiting intentions of Muslim tourists in West Java tourist destinations, and halal tourism indirectly influences visiting intentions through destination image as an intervening variable in West Java tourist destinations. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research contributes by examining Muslim tourists' behaviour patterns when visiting destinations in West Java. These findings' academic and managerial implications help design halal tourism marketing strategies in West Java, Indonesia. Originality/value: This study is the first conducted tourism interest on Halal tourism in West Java, Indonesia using SEM.

In this paper, we determined the factors that affect the waiting time of rice farmers’ willingness to pay the premium for the Rice Farming Insurance Program (RFIP) using survival analysis. The survival analysis method was carried out using the Cox proportional hazard model with the Efron approach. The case study in this research is rice farmers in Cibungur Village, Parungponteng District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The results of the analysis show that the predictor variables that are significant to the waiting time of rice farmers’ willingness to pay the insurance premium for RFIP are their last education, other occupations, rice production, and farming costs. The results of the research are expected to produce additional information for the government and implementers of rice farming insurance regarding the condition of farmers in the field, so that it can be improved in the future.

Mathematical Model of Paddy Production using Cobb Douglas Method Based On Weather Factors

The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures a country’s economic growth. Increasing GDP is a dream of all countries, but generally, GDP increases often have a negative impact with increasing CO₂ emissions. This paper intends to model the impact of GDP growth based on constant prices and the population in increasing CO₂ emissions in Indonesia. Modeling is done by using Cobb-Douglas model production function, where parameter estimation is done by using ant colony optimization algorithm. Furthermore, model estimators are used for forecasting CO₂ emission concentrations. The results of the analysis show that the impact of GDP based on constant prices and population significantly follows the Cobb-Douglas model of production, with the coefficient of elasticity is 0.819405999 and 0.834930855, respectively. The value of determination was obtained at 97.4%, indicating that the correlation between GDP at constant prices and population with increasing CO₂ emissions in air is very strong. Estimator model obtained has a level of accuracy for forecasting is 0.98478981 or 98.4798981%. Thus, the model estimator obtained is able to describe the actual data pattern.

Indonesia is an area prone to earthquakes because it is traversed by the meeting point of 3 tectonic plates, namely: the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. An earthquake is an event where the earth vibrates due to a sudden restraint of energy in the earth which is characterized by the breaking of rock layers in the earth's crust. Almost all regions in Indonesia are at risk of being exposed to earthquakes. To anticipate the risk of natural disasters, earthquakes are advised to join the insurance program provided by the insurance company. This study aims to determine earthquake insurance premiums based on large physical and economic losses. The method used is the Bayesian method. This method produces each estimated loss value which is then used to calculate the combined estimated loss value. After that, the combined estimated loss value is used to calculate the premium value. The result of this research is the premium which is calculated based on the principle of expected value and standard deviation principle. The premium resulting from the expected value principle is lower than the premium resulting from the standard deviation principle.

One of the most promising investment products is stocks. Stocks have great profit potential, but the risks associated with this investment should not be ignored by investors. Therefore, an optimal investment strategy is needed by forming an investment portfolio, in order to minimize risk and maximize profits that can be obtained. This study aims to optimize the investment portfolio. The method used in this research is based on the Mean-Expected Shortfall (Mean-ES) model. The use of this method is expected that investors can get a more accurate picture of the level of risk associated with their stock portfolio. In addition, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can also be used to optimize the allocation of funds in a stock portfolio. Applying PSO, investors can find the optimal combination of fund allocation to achieve a high level of return. Based on the results of the analysis conducted on the following five stocks AALI, BISI, DSNG, LSIP and SMAR, the results show a risk level of 0.0014 and a return level of 0.021%. Thus, investors can form a stock portfolio that has a high potential return, while minimizing the risks associated with stock investment. The implementation of this optimal investment strategy can assist investors in achieving their financial goals in a more effective manner. Considering the potential returns and risks involved, investors can make wiser investment decisions and optimize the performance of their stock portfolio.