Objective: The objective of the current study is to compare the levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), zinc, and antioxidant Vitamins (A, E, and C) in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-IHD patients with diabetes mellitus.Method: This is cross-sectional study group, conducted in the advanced diagnostic center (Khartoum- Sudan) from the period May 2013 to August 2015. Comprised 100 healthy subjects were, control group with mean (fasting blood sugar) 5.61=m mol/L, the age ranged from 22 to 78 years old, the average of the age was 50.1 years. 300 patients (78 IHD and 222 without) as cases groups, the ages ranged from 30 to 80 years. The age average was 51.2 years, all samples were in a state of fasting for 12 h, and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire and direct interview to collect information. Blood specimens were collected from both groups, and plasma levels of MDA, zinc, and antioxidant Vitamins (A, E, and C) were determined.Results: There was a significant difference between the level of serum Vitamin A, E, and MDA in diabetic patients with IHD and those diabetic without IHD (p0.05).Conclusion: Due to the significant differences in serum Vitamin A, E, Zinc, and MDA between diabetics with IHD and diabetics without IHD, these parameters can be used as prognostic markers for prediction of oxidative stress and antioxidant stress of diabetic patients with IHD complications.

Background:: The major cardiovascular outcome trials on glucagon-like peptide one-receptor agonists have examined its effect on hospitalization of subjects with heart failure; however, very limited trials have been conducted on subjects with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (r- LVEF) as a primary outcome. Objective:: We have conducted a systematic review of two major (FIGHT and LIVE) placebo-controlled trials of liraglutide and its clinical effect on the ejection fraction of subjects with heart failure. Methods:: Medline data was retrieved for trials involving liraglutide from 2012 to 2020. The inclusion criteria for trials were: subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), subjects with heart failure with rLVEF, major trials (phase II or III) on liraglutide, trials included liraglutide with defined efficacy primary outcome of patients with heart failure with rLVEF. The search was limited to the English language, whereby two trials [FIGHT and LIVE] had been included and two trials were excluded due to different primary outcomes. Participants (541) had been randomized for either liraglutide or placebo for 24 weeks. Results:: In the FIGHT trial the primary intention-to-treat, sensitivity, and diabetes subgroup analyses have shown no significant between-group difference in the global rank scores (mean rank of 146 in the liraglutide group versus 156 in the placebo group; Wilcoxon rank-sum P=.31), number of deaths, re-hospitalizations for heart failure, or the composite of death or change in NT-pro BNP level (P= .94). In the LIVE trial, the change in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to week 24 was not significantly different between treatment groups. The overall discontinuation rate of liraglutide was high in the FIGHT trial (29%, 86) as compared to that in the LIVE trial (11.6%, 28). Conclusion:: FIGHT and LIVE trials have demonstrated that liraglutide use in subjects with heart failure and rLVEF was implicated with an increased adverse risk of heart failure-related outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant Vitamins A, E, and C and the glycated hemoglobin levels with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study group, comprised no diabetic individuals (100 healthy) as control groups and diabetic patients (300) as cases groups, attending the Khartoum - Sudan for routine follow-up during 2013–2015. The data were collected with the help of structured questionnaire and direct interview to collect information. Blood specimens were collected from both groups, and plasma levels of MDA, serum zinc, antioxidant Vitamins (A, E, and C), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined. Odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for the presence of mutation between cases and controls and analyzed by SPSS program, version 13. Results: The results of this study indicate a highly significant difference between the means of HbA1c% of the test group (n=300) and the control group (n=100). Mean ± SD: 7.5 ± 1.4 versus 4.9 ± 0.3, respectively (p=0.001). Significant positive correlation between HbA1c and MDA (p=0.003). Significant correlation between HbA1c% and plasma Vitamins A, E, and C of the test group, respectively (p=0.002), (p=0.0008), and (p=0.01). Conclusion: There was significant correlation between HbA1c% with Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant Vitamins (A, C, and E).

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune thyroid disorder, influenced by genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and immune dysfunction. High iodine intake has been identified as a potential trigger in susceptible individuals. This study investigates the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as inflammatory markers in patients with hypothyroid HT. Conducted at Thumbay Labs in Ajman, United Arab Emirates, this cross-sectional study involved 150 participants, including 100 diagnosed with hypothyroid HT and 50 healthy controls. Significant differences were found in the mean values of free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), NLR, PLR, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO) between the patient and control groups (p<0.05). Specifically, mean values were 0.02 for FT4, 0.00 for TSH, 0.000 for NLR, 0.02 for PLR, and 0.01 for ATPO. Gender did not significantly influence these metrics. The results indicate elevated NLR and reduced PLR in hypothyroid HT patients, suggesting their potential utility as cost-effective inflammatory markers in clinical settings. Nevertheless, due to contradictory findings in existing literature, further research is necessary to validate NLR and PLR’s roles in managing HT, which may enhance patient care strategies.

Background: Preeclampsia is a disorder of widespread vascular endothelial malfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation and can present as late as 4-6 weeks post-partum. Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome with multiple aetiologies which has made it difficult to develop adequate screening tests and treatments. Objective of this study to assess the level of gamma glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase as biochemical markers of severity of preeclampsia in Sudanese pregnant women.Methods: This is a case control hospitalize base study. The study was conducted in preeclamptic pregnant women in Omdurman maternity hospital and medical military hospital in Khartoum state. In this study glutamyl transferase and lactate de-hydrogenase was estimation in 100 Sudanese pregnant women by spectrophotometer method, 50 of them were diagnosed with preeclampsia 27 from this is severe preeclampsia and 23 is mild preeclampsia was matched in aged. Serum samples of all the cases were assayed for GGT and LDH. The data was recorded and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPS –version 16) on programmed computer. The mean standard deviations of variable were calculated for both the test group and the control group and P value for comparison was obtained.Results: The mean values of plasma gamma glutamyl transferase in mild and severe preeclamptic pregnant women were insignificant difference when compared to control P value (0.346 - 0.089) respectively. The mean values of plasma lactate dehydrogenase in mild and severe preeclamptic pregnant women were significant increase when compared to control P value (0.008 - 0.001) respectively.Conclusions: The levels of LDH is raised in Sudanese pregnant women with hypertensive also can be useful biochemical marker that reflects the severity of and the occurrence of complications of pre-eclampsia. GGT levels were normal in Sudanese pregnant women with hypertensive preeclampsia.