Extraction techniques are continuously developed by the scientific community. Meanwhile, avocado peel is a by-product of avocado processing and a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this review was to summarize the use of advanced techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from avocado peel to help understand which techniques have and have not been applied to avocado peel. Three primary databases were used to collect the information, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using the keywords “avocado”, “peel”, and “extraction”. Additional keywords related to the extraction technique were also used, including “Microwave-Assisted Extraction”, “Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction”, “Enzyme-Assisted Extraction”, “Pressurized Liquid Extraction”, “Supercritical Fluid Extraction”, “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents”, “Three-phase partitioning (TPP)”, “Pulsed-Electric Field”, “High Voltage Electric Discharge Plasma”, “Centrifugal Partition Extraction”, and “Surfactant-Mediated Extraction”. The results show that microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, TPP, and natural deep eutectic solvent extraction have been used to retrieve bioactive compounds from avocado peel. Other techniques have not yet been applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article is the first review discussing the advanced extraction technique for retrieving bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article creates a paradigm for future studies.

Prediksi Tingkat Kematangan Buah Jeruk Siam Gunung Omeh (Citrus Nobilis Var. Microcarpa) dengan Pengolahan Citra

'Merah Delima' papaya is chilling-sensitive products, and injured when stored below threshold-temperature. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) is the promising method to reduce chilling injury (CI) because it creates gas composition with low O₂ and high CO₂ inside the packed product. Too high CO₂ concentration inside the packed one causes physiological damage of fruit. This study was carried out to investigate the individual effect of high CO₂ in suppressing CI in 'Merah Delima' papaya fruit. Papaya was stored at 10 °C for 16 days under high CO₂ concentration of 4%, 6% CO₂ with 21% O₂, Balance N₂) and ambient air as the control. After storage at 10 °C, fruits were transferred to ambient air at temperature 25 °C for 1 week to evaluate the progress of CI symptoms. Quality parameters including weight loss, firmness as physical indices, skin colour as sensory evaluation and electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as CI indices were evaluated. The result of study showed that individual high CO₂ concentration reduced development of CI in papaya fruit compared to ambient air. However, too high CO₂ concentration did not give beneficial effect on CI suppression of 'Merah Delima' papaya fruit

Gambier leaves are widely used in cosmetics, beverages, and medicine. Tarantang village in West Sumatera, Indonesia, is famous for its gambier commodity. Farmers usually classify gambier leaves by area and color. They inherit this ability through generations. This research creates a tool to imitate the skill of the farmers to classify gambier leaves. The tool is a box covered from outside light. Two LEDs are attached inside the box to get maintain light intensity. A camera is used to capture the leaf image and a raspberry Pi processes the leaf features. A mini monitor is provided to operate the system. Six hundred and twenty-five gambier leaves were classified into five grades. Leaves categorized into grades 1, 2, and 3 are forbidden to be picked. Grade 4 leaves are allowed to be picked and those in grade 5 are the recommended ones for picking. Leaf features are area, perimeter, and intensity of leaf image. Three artificial neural networks are developed based on each feature. One thousand leaf images were used for training and 500 leaf images were used for testing. The accuracies of the features are about 93%, 96% and 97% for area, perimeter and intensity, respectively. A combination of rules are introduced into the system based on the feature accuracy. Those rules can give 100% accuracy compared to the farmer’s recommendation. A real time application to classify the leaves could provide classification with the same decision result as the classifying performed by the farmers.

The aim of study was to determine the individual effect of UV-C radiation and Hot Water Treatments (HWT) in preserving quality of chili packed in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) under ambiet temperature storage. Chili was radiated by UV-C for 15 min and for 20 min, with HWT at 45 °C for 15 min and at 53 °C for 4 min, and untreated as control. After treatments, all fruits were packaged and stored at room temperature (25 °C) for 1 month. The results that untreated chilli could be stored for 7 days, treated chilli with UV-C 15 min and HWT at 45 °C for 15 min could be stored for 14 days, while chilli treated with UV-C for 20 min and HWT at 53 °C for 4 min could be stored for 17 days. Among all treatments, chili treated with UV-C for 20 min suppressed the disease severity dan maintained the harvested quality of chilli. This study suggests that combination UV-C irradiated with HWT under low temperature might be extended the shelf life of chilli.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancang bangun alat deteksi etilen menggunakan sensor etilen Winsen ZE11 - C2H4 yang berbasis mikrokontroler arduino uno. Komponen alat yang dirancang terdiri dari chamber, sensor etilen, mikrokontroler arduino uno dan perangkat komputer. Rangkaian sensor ini dirancang agar mampu menampilkan nilai etilen secara realtime pada aplikasi PLX-DAQ di Microsoft Excel. Uji performa alat dilakukan menggunakan alpukat Tongar pada umur panen 150 hari, 180 hari, 210 hari dan 240 hari setelah bunga mekar. Alpukat Tongar termasuk buah klimaterik yang mengeluarkan etilen selama tahap pematangan. Etilen yang dihasilkan berupa senyawa berbentuk gas yang sulit dideteksi secara langsung oleh indera manusia karena tidak memiliki warna dan bau. Uji peforma alat menggunakan alpukat Tongar dilakukan selama 5 menit untuk setiap sampel yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil uji performa, rangkaian sensor ini terbukti mampu mendeteksi etilen pada alpukat Tongar. Konsentrasi etilen yang terdeteksi oleh rangkaian sensor menunjukkan variasi yang berbeda pada setiap umur panen. Pada umur panen yang lebih tinggi, konsentrasi etilen yang terdeteksi meningkat. Peningkatan konsentrasi etilen seiring bertambahnya umur panen menunjukkan efektivitas sensor ini dalam memonitoring etilen pada buah alpukat Tongar. Berdasarkan penelitian, alat yang dirancang ini berhasil mendeteksi etilen dan berpotensi diterapkan pada produk pertanian lainnya