Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) inherits the strategy of measurement from the effective “spectroscopic ruler” FRET and can be utilized to observe molecular behaviors with relatively high throughput at nanometer scale. The simplicity in principle and configuration of smFRET make it easy to apply and couple with other technologies to comprehensively understand single-molecule dynamics in various application scenarios. Despite its widespread application, smFRET is continuously developing and novel studies based on the advanced platforms have been done. Here, we summarize some representative examples of smFRET research of recent years to exhibit the versatility and note typical strategies to further improve the performance of smFRET measurement on different biomolecules.

Limited evidence exists on the influence of dietary behaviors on the association of overweight/obesity between parents and offspring. This study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary behaviors on the association of overweight/obesity between two generations, and puts forward strategies for preventing childhood obesity. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in China; a total of 40,197 parent-offspring pairs were included. Overweight/obesity was defined based on the body mass index and waist circumstance; the association of overweight/obesity between two generations was evaluated by multivariate and binary logistic regression and stratified analyses. Compared with the offspring who were free of parental overweight/obesity, the ORs of offspring with both parental overweight/obesity reached 2.66, 1.72 and 4.04 for general, simple abdominal and compound obesity. The offset effect of dietary behaviors was observed on the association between parental obesity and the offspring’s general or simple abdominal obesity, with non-significant ORs when parents or/and offspring had healthy dietary behaviors. It was difficult for a healthy diet alone to offset the high heritability and intergenerational transmission of childhood obesity caused by parental obesity. Multifaceted improvement of lifestyle behaviors, and a combination of individual and family engagement, could be targeted measures to control childhood obesity.

The concurrent rise in multiple health conditions among students, including myopia, obesity, spinal curvature abnormalities, and mental health disorders, represents a critical public health challenge. These interconnected health issues necessitate comprehensive prevention strategies that simultaneously address multiple conditions through synchronized behavioral and environmental interventions. In response to this need, the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration issued the Technical Guidelines for Co-Prevention of Common Diseases in Students on 30 April 2024, marking a significant advancement in China’s student health protection initiatives. The guidelines establish three core strategic priorities: enhancing surveillance of shared risk factors, implementing a systematic tiered approach to public health interventions, and developing an integrated, multisector prevention framework. This evidence-based, comprehensive initiative provides practical solutions for preventing comorbidities and enhancing overall student health outcomes. Further research is warranted to assess long-term effectiveness, explore regional implementation challenges, and support the development of standardized monitoring and evaluation systems.

Child and adolescent health plays a critical role in shaping future public health and intergenerational outcomes. In China, rising rates of myopia, obesity, mental health issues, and other common conditions highlight the need for continuous monitoring. Since 2016, the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Common Diseases and Risk Factors (CNSSCDRF) has provided comprehensive, nationwide data on student health. By 2022, the system had expanded to nearly all counties, tracking key indicators such as vision problems, overweight/obesity, dental caries, and health-risk behaviors across multiple administrative levels. This review outlines the surveillance methodology, including sampling, data collection, and analysis. Findings have directly informed school health policies and technical guidelines, supporting national goals such as those in the Healthy China 2030 Plan.

Background: School bullying is associated with elevated risk of adolescent mental health problems, yet the complex interrelationships between bullying experiences, depressive symptoms, and parental factors in the Chinese cultural context require further investigation. This cross-sectional study examined associations between traditional and cyberbullying (as victim or perpetrator), depressive symptoms, parental supervision, and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Methods: Data from 12,019 students (Grades 5–12) recruited from 16 administrative districts in Beijing through a cross-sectional survey using multi-stage cluster random sampling were included in the final analyses. Participants completed standardized measures of traditional and cyberbullying (victimization and perpetration), depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors, and parental supervision. Associations among variables were examined using chi-square tests, ANOVA, and correlation analyses. Indirect and conditional associations were examined using PROCESS Models 4 and 59, respectively, with 5,000 percentile bootstrap resamples, adjusting for demographic and psychosocial covariates. Results: Among 12,019 participants, 1,322 (11.0%) reported suicidal behaviors. All forms of bullying were significantly associated with both depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors. Depressive symptoms were associated with both bullying experiences and suicidality, consistent with a potential mediating pathway. The associations between bullying involvement and depressive symptoms, as well as between depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors, were stronger at higher levels of perceived parental supervision. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study documented significant associations between bullying, depressive symptoms, parental supervision, and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. While depressive symptoms may represent a key psychological pathway linking bullying to suicidality, the conditional associations observed suggest that parental supervision may interact with these processes in complex ways. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify causal pathways and inform culturally sensitive prevention strategies.