This study elucidates the role of each class of nanopore by in-depth electrochemical analysis of three types of ZIF-8-derived carbons. Also, engineered co-doping of Fe and N is found essential to selectively form Fe–N _x sites in the carbon matrix.

Carbon materials, especially N-doped carbon materials with a one-dimensional (1D) hollow structure, have attracted great attention as one of the most efficient and eco-friendly catalysts for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The complex synthesis process of 1D hollow carbon however remains a major challenge in meeting the growing demand for it as a superior carbon-based catalyst. Herein, we demonstrate a facile strategy to synthesize 1D hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) in a scalable manner. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were fabricated via electrospinning, and subsequent pyrolysis of the as-prepared ZIF-8/PAN composite nanofibers produced HCNFs. With excellent structural advantages and N-doped composition, HCNFs exhibited a remarkable level of catalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system. Furthermore, the HCNFs also showed good mechanical flexibility. A catalytic device was then constructed to explore the potential applications of HCNFs.

In recent years, naturally occurring compounds found in plants (also known as phytochemicals) have found increasing application in the synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures due to their multi-role as reducing agents, capping agents, and/or complexing agents. Furthermore, the utilization of natural agents, such as phytochemicals provide a green and sustainable way for fabricating metal oxide nanostructures compared to conventional chemical methods. This perspective will cover various types of plant-derived phytochemicals which have been employed in the preparation of metal oxide nanostructures, including their roles and the associated formation mechanisms. This review will also discuss some prospective applications of phytochemical-derived metal oxide nanostructures for energy storage, environmental remediation, and bio-related applications. Finally, some perspectives on the future direction of the synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures via green chemistry will be provided.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in environmental remediation due to their unique properties. However, their practical applications are significantly limited by its powder crystal form. To address these limitations, MOFs can be integrated with abundant and sustainable biomass‐derived nanocellulose (NC) to construct processable macroscopic architectures. Herein, this review discusses recent advances in the preparation of multi‐dimensional macroscopic materials from MOFs‐NC and their applications in environmental remediation, including dye adsorption and degradation, pharmaceutical removal, heavy metal ion capture, adsorption and degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO ₂ capture and separation, particulate matter (PM) separation, and others. A summary of two commonly used strategies for preparing MOFs‐NC composites proposes a valuable insight on how processable macroscopic architectures can be effectively achieved. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the structure‐property‐function relationship between multi‐dimensional MOFs‐NC composites and highlights their versatile applications in the remediation of polluted environments. The mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects of the material in removing environmental pollutants are also present in detail. This review aims to guide researchers in designing high‐performance, multi‐functional, sustainable, and scalable MOFs‐NC composites for future environmental remediation.