Objective: The association between the ‘fear of missing out (FOMO)’ and physical symptoms has not been widely explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FOMO and other negative emotions with Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and somatic symptoms in young adults. The correlations between the various physical and emotional variables were also established. Material and methods: TMD and somatic symptoms were appraised with the Short-form Fonseca Anamnestic Index, quintessential five TMD symptoms of the Diagnostic Criteria (DC)/TMD, and Patient Health Questionnaire-15. FOMO and other negative emotional states were assessed with the FOMO Scale and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Data were evaluated using non-parametric tests/correlation and regression analysis (α = 0.05). Results: While only negative affectivity (total DASS), anxiety, and stress differed significantly between those without and with TMDs, significant variances in FOMO and all DASS-21 constructs were discerned between individuals without and with somatization. Conclusions: Individuals with orofacial pain and more severe somatic symptoms have higher levels of negative emotions including FOMO. While somatization increased the prospect of TMDs, being female, presence of TMDs, and negative affectivity were risk factors for somatization in young adults. Clinical relevance: Asian young adults appear to be disposed to somatization, and TMDs may be a form of functional somatic syndromes. Recognition of somatic symptoms and emotional distress, including FOMO, is essential for person-centric TMD care.

Vertical bone defects can result in alveolar bone resorption, which may be addressed using composite grafts. A combination of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) has potential as a bone substitute due to its biological and structural properties. This study aimed to identify the optimal DBM–Ca(OH)₂ ratio by evaluating their physicochemical properties relevant to bone regeneration. DBM gel and Ca(OH)₂ powder were combined at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The mixtures were freeze-dried, ground, and sieved to create granules. The composites were analyzed in terms of their structural and chemical characteristics, including crystallinity, calcium ion release, functional group composition, particle size, surface morphology, and elemental distribution. Increasing the proportion of DBM reduced crystallinity and calcium ion release while influencing particle size. Among all groups, the 2:1 composite demonstrated the most balanced properties: moderate crystallinity, relatively high calcium release, and favorable particle size. Chemical analyses confirmed the presence and interaction of both organic and inorganic components, while elemental mapping showed a uniform distribution of the key elements essential for bone formation. The DBM–Ca(OH)₂ composite at a 2:1 ratio has the most promising physicochemical profile, making it a strong candidate for bone graft applications. However, a limitation of this study is the absence of biological testing. Future research should investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance of this composite in bone regeneration.

The lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) in Indonesia has great potential as a natural ingredient for medicines because it contains various compounds such as neral, citral, geranial acetate, flavonoids, and tannins. Previous research has demonstrated various pharmacological activities of kitchen lemongrass leaves, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. Encapsulation technology in the form of chitosan-NaTPP nanoparticles is used to maintain the activity of kitchen lemongrass leaf compounds. This research aims to determine the physical characteristics of the encapsulation of kitchen lemongrass leaf extract with several comparisons of chitosan and NaTPP by testing PSA (particle size analysis test), FTIR (functional group analysis test), viscosity, and stability, including pH and turbidity tests. Encapsulation with a 1:1 ratio of chitosan and NaTPP has a particle size of 524 nm and a PdI value of 0.481, classified as monodisperse (PdI <0.7). The pH value ranges from 6.46 to 7.30, and the viscosity value was 2.134–2.169 cP, which is still within mouthwash standards. The turbidity test showed stable encapsulation results. Therefore, encapsulation with a 1:1 ratio of chitosan and NaTPP is the most optimal choice and has potential for developing the therapeutic effect of mouthwash.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomimetic material capable of promoting enamel remineralization and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Bovine cancellous bone is a promising HA source due to its bioactivity, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluated the effects of toothpaste formulations containing varying concentrations of bovine cancellous HA (1%, 3%, and 5%) on enamel remineralization, antimicrobial activity, abrasivity, and biocompatibility. Toothpaste formulations were prepared with bovine cancellous HA at 1%, 3%, and 5%, alongside a base formulation and a commercial control. Physical properties (pH, viscosity, homogeneity, stability) and organoleptic characteristics (odour, taste, texture, colour) were assessed. Enamel remineralization was evaluated via Vickers microhardness testing and surface roughness analysis after simulated brushing. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. All formulations exhibited slightly alkaline pH, stable viscosity, uniform homogeneity, and no phase separation over 30 days. Sensory evaluation indicated that 3% HA toothpaste provided the optimal balance between functionality and acceptability. Brushing with HA toothpaste increased enamel microhardness in a dose-dependent manner, with 3% and 5% HA toothpaste showing superior remineralization (Vickers Hardness Number: 327.6 ± 14.0 and 319.4 ± 19.9, respectively) compared to 1% (226.9 ± 11.1). Surface roughness was minimized with HA incorporation, indicating protective effects against enamel wear. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of S. aureus, with the 5% HA toothpaste (9.1 ± 0.06 mm) comparable to commercial toothpaste (9.4 ± 0.1 mm), whereas inhibition of C. albicans was highest at 1% HA (9.7 ± 1.2 mm). Bovine cancellous HA toothpaste effectively enhances enamel remineralization, reduces abrasivity, exhibits antimicrobial potential, and demonstrates excellent biocompatibility. The 3% to 5% HA toothpaste provide a balanced combination of efficacy, safety, and user acceptability, supporting their potential for translational applications in preventive oral care.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit dan Daun Singkong sebagai Bahan Pasta Gigi Alami untuk Meningkatkan Kesehatan Gigi Masyarakat Desa Ginanjar, Sukabumi

Bone graft substitute materials are currently widely used in dentistry. Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be used as a bone graft material, but it is difficult to be absorbed properly. One of the materials that has been commercialized is EthOss® bone graft. This material has advantages that can be used in periodontal treatment. It has a unique calcium sulfate content that functions as a barrier to soft tissue, eliminating the need for additional collagen membranes. This study aimed to analyze and compare the degree of crystallinity and calcium content of EthOss® bone graft and hydroxyapatite. EthOss® and HA samples were prepared, then XRD and AAS tests were performed. The data obtained were then analyzed. The results showed that EthOss® bone graft had a crystallinity degree of 68.8%, and a calcium ion concentration of 24.2±0.3 mg/L. Meanwhile, hydroxyapatite had a crystallinity degree of91.7% and a calcium ion concentration of 8.8±1.0 mg/L. In conclusion, compared with hydroxyapatite, EthOss® bone graft has crystallinity that increases the degradation rate, mechanical strength, and osteoblast adhesion, as well as high solubility and release of calcium ions to support bone formation. Keywords: EthOss®; hydroxyapatite; bone graft; crystallinity; calcium ions Abstrak: Bone graft saat ini digunakan secara luas dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Hidroksiapatit (HA) dapat digunakan sebagai material cangkok tulang, akan tetapi sulit terserap dengan baik. Salah satu material yang telah dikomersilkan ialah EthOss® bone graft. Material ini memiliki kelebihan bila digunakan dalam perawatan periodontal. Keunikannya yaitu kandungan kalsium sulfat yang berfungsi sebagai penghalang terhadap jaringan lunak sehingga menghilangkan kebutuhan akan membran kolagen tambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan derajat kristalinitas dan kandungan ion kalsium dalam EthOss® bone graft dan hidroksiapatit. Sampel EthOss® dan HA dipersiapkan, kemudian dilakukan uji XRD dan AAS. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian mempelihatkan bahwa EthOss® bone graft memiliki derajat kritalinitas 68,8%, dan konsentrasi ion kalsium 24,2±0,3 mg/L sedangkan HA memiliki derajat kristalinitas 91,7% dan konsentrasi ion kalsium 8,8±1,0 mg/L. Simpulan penelitian ini dibandingkan dengan hidroksiapatit, EthOss® bone graft memiliki kristalinitas yang meningkatkan laju degradasi, kekuatan mekanik, dan adhesi osteoblas, serta kelarutan dan pelepasan ion kalsium tinggi untuk mendukung pembentukan tulang. Kata kunci: EthOss®; hidroksiapatit; bone graft; kristalinitas; ion kalsium