Vertical bone defects can result in alveolar bone resorption, which may be addressed using composite grafts. A combination of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) has potential as a bone substitute due to its biological and structural properties. This study aimed to identify the optimal DBM–Ca(OH)₂ ratio by evaluating their physicochemical properties relevant to bone regeneration. DBM gel and Ca(OH)₂ powder were combined at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The mixtures were freeze-dried, ground, and sieved to create granules. The composites were analyzed in terms of their structural and chemical characteristics, including crystallinity, calcium ion release, functional group composition, particle size, surface morphology, and elemental distribution. Increasing the proportion of DBM reduced crystallinity and calcium ion release while influencing particle size. Among all groups, the 2:1 composite demonstrated the most balanced properties: moderate crystallinity, relatively high calcium release, and favorable particle size. Chemical analyses confirmed the presence and interaction of both organic and inorganic components, while elemental mapping showed a uniform distribution of the key elements essential for bone formation. The DBM–Ca(OH)₂ composite at a 2:1 ratio has the most promising physicochemical profile, making it a strong candidate for bone graft applications. However, a limitation of this study is the absence of biological testing. Future research should investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance of this composite in bone regeneration.

Perbedaan nilai papillary bleeding index pada pasien periodontitis berdasarkan jenis kelamin: studi cross sectional

Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency  Virus (HIV) merupakan infeksi kronis yang ditandai dengan fase asimtomatik selama bertahun-tahun. HIV mengakibatkan penderita kehilangan daya tahan tubuh sehingga mudah terinfeksi. Apapila penderita tidak mendapatkan perawatan, HIV dapat berlanjut menjadi Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yang ditandai dengan berkembangnya berbagai infeksi, kanker, atau manifestasi klinis jangka panjang. Selain penyakit sistemik yang timbul pada pasien HIV/AIDS, lesi oral juga sering ditemukan akibat perkembangan dari infeksi oportunistik. Menurut klasifikasi EC Clearinghouse, lesi pada jaringan periodontal termasuk kedalam kelompok 1 yaitu lesi yang sangat terkait dengan HIV/AIDS. Lesi periodontal tersebut antara lain linear gingival erythema (LGE), necrotizing periodontal disease yang terdiri dari necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis dan necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUG, NUP). Dokter gigi sebagai pemberi pelayanan kesehatan gigi layaknya memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai manifestasi HIV/AIDS pada jaringan periodontal. Manifestasi oral seringkali merupakan indikator paling awal dari infeksi HIV dan dapat meramalkan perkembangan HIV/AIDS.

Bone graft substitute materials are currently widely used in dentistry. Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be used as a bone graft material, but it is difficult to be absorbed properly. One of the materials that has been commercialized is EthOss® bone graft. This material has advantages that can be used in periodontal treatment. It has a unique calcium sulfate content that functions as a barrier to soft tissue, eliminating the need for additional collagen membranes. This study aimed to analyze and compare the degree of crystallinity and calcium content of EthOss® bone graft and hydroxyapatite. EthOss® and HA samples were prepared, then XRD and AAS tests were performed. The data obtained were then analyzed. The results showed that EthOss® bone graft had a crystallinity degree of 68.8%, and a calcium ion concentration of 24.2±0.3 mg/L. Meanwhile, hydroxyapatite had a crystallinity degree of91.7% and a calcium ion concentration of 8.8±1.0 mg/L. In conclusion, compared with hydroxyapatite, EthOss® bone graft has crystallinity that increases the degradation rate, mechanical strength, and osteoblast adhesion, as well as high solubility and release of calcium ions to support bone formation. Keywords: EthOss®; hydroxyapatite; bone graft; crystallinity; calcium ions Abstrak: Bone graft saat ini digunakan secara luas dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Hidroksiapatit (HA) dapat digunakan sebagai material cangkok tulang, akan tetapi sulit terserap dengan baik. Salah satu material yang telah dikomersilkan ialah EthOss® bone graft. Material ini memiliki kelebihan bila digunakan dalam perawatan periodontal. Keunikannya yaitu kandungan kalsium sulfat yang berfungsi sebagai penghalang terhadap jaringan lunak sehingga menghilangkan kebutuhan akan membran kolagen tambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan derajat kristalinitas dan kandungan ion kalsium dalam EthOss® bone graft dan hidroksiapatit. Sampel EthOss® dan HA dipersiapkan, kemudian dilakukan uji XRD dan AAS. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian mempelihatkan bahwa EthOss® bone graft memiliki derajat kritalinitas 68,8%, dan konsentrasi ion kalsium 24,2±0,3 mg/L sedangkan HA memiliki derajat kristalinitas 91,7% dan konsentrasi ion kalsium 8,8±1,0 mg/L. Simpulan penelitian ini dibandingkan dengan hidroksiapatit, EthOss® bone graft memiliki kristalinitas yang meningkatkan laju degradasi, kekuatan mekanik, dan adhesi osteoblas, serta kelarutan dan pelepasan ion kalsium tinggi untuk mendukung pembentukan tulang. Kata kunci: EthOss®; hidroksiapatit; bone graft; kristalinitas; ion kalsium

Introduction: Chlorhexidine in mouthwash or gel is used as an adjunct therapy for periodontal treatment but the effect of using chlorhexidine chip in 3 months was unclear. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine chip on reduction of pocket depth and clinical attachment level gaining in patients with periodontitis. Methods: The literature search was done in PUBMED for the use of chlorhexidine chip as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in improving periodontal status, especially pocket depth and clinical attachment level in periodontitis patients within 3 months. The risk of bias was estimated for each study based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. Meta-analysis was conducted for reduction of pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment. Results: Electronic search provided 51 records and 5 studies were included. The meta-analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in reduction pocket depth (p<0.05; I2 = 97%) and gain of clinical attachment level between chlorhexidine chip plus SRP and SRP alone (p<0.05; I2 = 98%). The mean difference of reduction of pocket depth was 0.26 (0.13 – 0.40) mm and the mean difference of gain of clinical attachment level was 0.31 (0.14 – 0.47) mm. All studies had fair quality based on AHRQ standards. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine chip can be an adjunct therapy for periodontal treatment to improve the clinical condition in periodontitis patients.