This paper focuses on a midstream pipeline to help us develop a better understanding of Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) operation. A methodological combination of non-destructive testing (NDT), non-destructive evaluation (NDE), and risk-based inspection (RBI) was applied within an engineering system compatible with industry standards. In this sense, the implementation of the protocol and an assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed research model for solving problems that occur during a PIG’s working life, such as damage mechanisms and methods for its repair, are presented. The RBI methodology is derived using two mutually validating approaches to provide a result with low uncertainty. The result of this research confirms the expediency of the multi-perspective research approach and demonstrates the applicability of this methodology through a model study in the area of protocol creation—an essential aspect of ensuring the safety of pipeline inspections.

The paper deals with damage mechanisms affecting the piping and piping elements during working life of the well collector as an integral part of the upstream plant. An initiated crack has propagated in the vertical piping elbow and caused leakage. The damaged elbow has a sensitive cut, and a new elbow is welded onto the pipe by GTAW and SMAW processes. Necessary NDE was performed after repair welding activities showing that remediation of the line is properly conducted. The line is successfully put into service.

Oil and gas plants can be classified into onshore plants and offshore plants, colloquially called oil and gas platforms or simply oil platforms. Oil rigs represent an enormous feat of engineering developed from over 150 years of industrial expertise. This paper shows the classification of oil and gas platforms according to their constructions and purposes and describes the types of oil platforms, their construction, advantages and disadvantages.

Tanks generally can be classified according to their position on the ground and underground. Based on this classification, the classification of ground storage tanks is usually made according to their shape, material, and type of roof. This paper shows the classification of ground storage tanks according to their construction and purpose and describes the main types of ground storage tanks, their construction, advantages and disadvantages.

The paper deals with the one of the most general classifications of atmospheric tanks according to their roof type in oil and gas plants. An overview of recommended periods of inspection of storage tanks is given, together with their structural characteristics. Upon irregularities in the process of water purification, the caustic soda tank is prematurely open for inspection. Visual inspection of the major elements, ultrasonic thickness measurements, penetrant tests of welded joints, and checking the functionalities: cathodic protection system, level controller, electric heater, are performed on the tank. On that occasion, it is noticed that the electric heater is found distorted and inoperative. The damaged heater made of Incoloy 800 is carefully removed from its holder and a new heater is welded to the holder by GTAW procedure. The necessary NDE is performed and required electric parameters after repair welding are confirmed.

This paper deals with the reliability of a vertical gas heater installed in an oil and gas plant, which has been in continuous operation for an extended period. It provides a classification of fired heaters based on their construction characteristics and outlines their role within the gas rectification process, including the types of equipment involved. The general construction of the heater is described, along with key design and operational process parameters. The paper also identifies damage mechanisms that affect this type of equipment. A risk-based inspection analysis was conducted, and an risk-based inspection matrix was developed, indicating that the equipment falls into the high-risk category in terms of both financial consequences and environmental impact.