In the present experiment, the abrasive water jet machining parameters, such as water pressure, standoff distance, and traverse speed, are selected to study the effect of each parameter on the kerf taper angle and surface roughness during the machining of glass, jute, and carbon hybrid composite. The other machining parameters are kept constant. For each parameter, three levels are fixed on the basis of previous literature reviews. The Response Surface Methodology is used to design the required number of experiments and to optimize the machining parameters to obtain the minimum kerf taper angle and surface roughness. The levels selected for water pressure are 150, 220, and 250 MPa; traverse speeds are 20, 40, and 60 mm/min; and, similarly, stand-off distances are 2, 5, and 8 mm. Experimental results confirm that the parameter inversely affects both kerf angle and surface roughness. On the other hand, parameters traverse speed and stand-off distance, directly affecting both outputs. According to RSM optimization, to obtain the minimum kerf taper angle and surface roughness, we should fix the pressure at a higher level and other parameters at a lower level. For the considered range, the obtained minimum kerf angle and roughness values are 1.4982 radians and 2.0920 μm.

Metal matrix composites based on aluminum are frequently utilized in sophisticated engineering applications because of their improved mechanical performance. This study used the stir-casting method to create hematite (Fe₂O₃)-reinforced LM6 aluminum alloy composites with reinforcement ranging from 0 to 12 weight percent. At 3–6 weight percent reinforcement, microstructural examination showed uniform particle distribution and good interfacial bonding; at higher levels (9–12 weight percent), clustering and porosity were seen. While ductility declined with increasing hematite content, mechanical characteristics demonstrated a notable improvement in hardness and compressive strength, reaching maximum values at 12 weight percent reinforcement. At lesser amounts of reinforcing, heat treatment increased strength even more and partially recovered ductility. The range of 6–9 weight percent hematite was found to have the best balance between strength and ductility. These findings demonstrate the potential for enhanced structural performance of hematite-reinforced LM6 composites.