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This special issue deals specifically with the sustainability of families and child welfare with respect to sustainable social development
Juha Hämäläinen; Riitta Vornanen; Kaisa Pihlainen. Sustainability of Families and Child Welfare. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7556 .
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen, Riitta Vornanen, Kaisa Pihlainen. Sustainability of Families and Child Welfare. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen; Riitta Vornanen; Kaisa Pihlainen. 2021. "Sustainability of Families and Child Welfare." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7556.
This study investigated the resilience of the Chinese child protection system in responding to the special needs of children in difficulty under the specific circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study applied qualitative document analysis of child protection administrative documents, in-depth interviews with 12 child protection professionals, and an in-depth case study of 14 children living in difficulty, complemented by relevant information available in the media. The results indicate that there are good policies in China’s child protection services but the organizational and functional fragmentation complicates implementation, suggesting a need for the development of bottom-up practices. The essential conclusion supported by these results is that the child protection system should be regarded and developed as a systematic project combining the legal, policymaking, and professional systems of child welfare services as well as governmental and non-governmental forces. As the COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness of the need to develop the field of child protection holistically as an integrated system in terms of social sustainability in China, an international literature-based comparison indicates that the pandemic has also raised similar political awareness in other countries.
Fang Zhao; Ning Zhu; Juha Hämäläinen. Protection of Children in Difficulty in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2020, 13, 279 .
AMA StyleFang Zhao, Ning Zhu, Juha Hämäläinen. Protection of Children in Difficulty in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang Zhao; Ning Zhu; Juha Hämäläinen. 2020. "Protection of Children in Difficulty in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 279.
Paul Natorp is better known as a key figure of Neo-Kantian epistemology than as a great educationist. This paper discusses the affinity for Natorp’s theory of education in Japan in the first decades of the twentieth century. It presents an overview of Natorp’s educational way of thinking and analyses the interest of Japanese educationists in the educational thought encapsulated in the conception of Natorp’s educational theory, which he called Sozialpädagogik. Addressing the debate around Natorp’s Sozialpädagogik within the Japanese national community of scholars, key points of the inception of the theory in Japan are examined, central scholars involved are identified, and the impact of Natorp’s conception on the Japanese philosophy of education and educational practice is considered.
Takeo Matsuda; Juha Hämäläinen. Launching Paul Natorp’s Sozialpädagogik in Japan in the early twentieth century. History of Education 2020, 50, 291 -312.
AMA StyleTakeo Matsuda, Juha Hämäläinen. Launching Paul Natorp’s Sozialpädagogik in Japan in the early twentieth century. History of Education. 2020; 50 (3):291-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakeo Matsuda; Juha Hämäläinen. 2020. "Launching Paul Natorp’s Sozialpädagogik in Japan in the early twentieth century." History of Education 50, no. 3: 291-312.
Although there have been developments in family and child welfare services, these have not been prioritized from a sustainability perspective. This article aims to provide a framework for supporting sustainable provisions for family and child welfare. We demonstrate how the need for a socially sustainable stance on family and child welfare arises from the recognition of global changes that constantly influence families as well as children’s rights, which ground child- and family-centered actions. The conceptual framework includes three overarching dimensions and four levels of actors that provide a body for 16 conceptual entities in providing socially sustainable family and child welfare. The analysis showed that functional child welfare and family policies, systems, and practices appear essential elements, even necessary preconditions, of sustainability and sustainable development in general. Leaning on the concept of children’s rights, we conclude that the idea of child welfare promises citizens that society has committed to promoting all children’s wellbeing. Implementation of this requires a shared understanding that the conceptual framework provided in this paper urges to actualize.
Juha Hämäläinen; Kaisa Pihlainen; Riitta Vornanen. Sustainable Family Life and Child Welfare: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9112 .
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen, Kaisa Pihlainen, Riitta Vornanen. Sustainable Family Life and Child Welfare: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen; Kaisa Pihlainen; Riitta Vornanen. 2020. "Sustainable Family Life and Child Welfare: A Conceptual Framework." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9112.
The closure of schools because of the COVID-19 pandemic created a challenge for families and teachers in supporting children’s remote schooling. This study investigates parents’ perspectives on their accommodation to the rapid change to remote schooling from the point of view of sustainable education. The study was conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 via an online questionnaire for parents, to which 316 voluntary participants responded. Data were analyzed using a theory-driven content analysis. According to the results, parents were worried about the learning and wellbeing of their children as well as management of daily life and use of information and communications technology (ICT). The results show the importance of schools and teachers as well as networks in supporting family resilience during rapid changes. Families’ individual needs should be acknowledged and met in a sustainable way to support children’s learning in changing settings, including remote schooling.
Teija Koskela; Kaisa Pihlainen; Satu Piispa-Hakala; Riitta Vornanen; Juha Hämäläinen. Parents’ Views on Family Resiliency in Sustainable Remote Schooling during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Finland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8844 .
AMA StyleTeija Koskela, Kaisa Pihlainen, Satu Piispa-Hakala, Riitta Vornanen, Juha Hämäläinen. Parents’ Views on Family Resiliency in Sustainable Remote Schooling during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Finland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeija Koskela; Kaisa Pihlainen; Satu Piispa-Hakala; Riitta Vornanen; Juha Hämäläinen. 2020. "Parents’ Views on Family Resiliency in Sustainable Remote Schooling during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Finland." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8844.
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan, mitä kuormittavia tekijöitä sosiaalityössä esiintyy ja millaisia muutoksia niissä on tapahtunut 2000-luvun Suomessa. Artikkelin pohjana oleva tutkimus kohdentui sosiaalityöntekijöihin. Vertailuryhminä olivat erityisopettajat, psykologit ja lastentarhanopettajat. Aineistona käytettiin Työterveyslaitoksen Kunta10-tutkimusaineistoa, jota Työterveyslaitos on kerännyt vuodesta 1997 lähtien. Analyysimenetelminä käytettiin lineaarista regressiota poikkileikkausaineistoon ja lineaarista latenttia kasvukäyrämallia toistomittaus- ja seka-aineistoon. Artikkelissa keskityttiin työn hallintaan, työn palkitsevuuteen ja työn paineisiin. Ammattiryhmien välillä havaittiin eroja: sosiaalityöntekijät kokivat enemmän kuormitusta työssään kuin psykologit, erityisopettajat tai lastentarhanopettajat. Työhön liittyvissä psykososiaalisissa tekijöissä ei havaittu olennaista muutosta vuosina 2000–2012 missään tutkituista ammattiryhmistä. Vaikuttaa siltä, että työn luonne tutkituissa ryhmissä on pysynyt samankaltaisena.
Sanna-Riitta Junnonen; Juha Hämäläinen; Pertti Töttö; Raija Väisänen; Otso Rantonen; Paula Salo. Sosiaalityöntekijöiden työn kuormittavuus ja siinä tapahtuneet muutokset vuosin 2000-2012. Janus Sosiaalipolitiikan ja sosiaalityön tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 2019, 27, 144 -163.
AMA StyleSanna-Riitta Junnonen, Juha Hämäläinen, Pertti Töttö, Raija Väisänen, Otso Rantonen, Paula Salo. Sosiaalityöntekijöiden työn kuormittavuus ja siinä tapahtuneet muutokset vuosin 2000-2012. Janus Sosiaalipolitiikan ja sosiaalityön tutkimuksen aikakauslehti. 2019; 27 (2):144-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanna-Riitta Junnonen; Juha Hämäläinen; Pertti Töttö; Raija Väisänen; Otso Rantonen; Paula Salo. 2019. "Sosiaalityöntekijöiden työn kuormittavuus ja siinä tapahtuneet muutokset vuosin 2000-2012." Janus Sosiaalipolitiikan ja sosiaalityön tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 27, no. 2: 144-163.
This article is based on productions dealing with aspects of social pedagogy analyzed by Hämäläinen, individually and collectively, such as the conceptual ambiguity of social pedagogy, the nature of social pedagogy as an academic discipline, social pedagogical guidance in social work and work with young people, ways of using the concept in Germany (2011) and Finland, as well as the field overview, including semantic and historical considerations. Other sources of information are also used, especially materials in which national traditions of social pedagogy and debates about their nature are introduced, compared, decoded and clarified. Methodologically, this work is based mainly on the analysis of historical concepts.
Jüha Hämäläinen. Social Pedagogy as a Scientific Discipline, a Branch of Academic Studies, and a Field of Professional Practice. EccoS – Revista Científica 2019, 17 -34.
AMA StyleJüha Hämäläinen. Social Pedagogy as a Scientific Discipline, a Branch of Academic Studies, and a Field of Professional Practice. EccoS – Revista Científica. 2019; (48):17-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJüha Hämäläinen. 2019. "Social Pedagogy as a Scientific Discipline, a Branch of Academic Studies, and a Field of Professional Practice." EccoS – Revista Científica , no. 48: 17-34.
This paper is focused around the concept of social exclusion and its underlying factors. Social exclusion—just as its opposite, social inclusion—is seen as a relationship between an individual’s life course and society. In modern society, this relationship becomes ever more complex, increasing the probability of social exclusion. This complexity will be discussed from the viewpoint of socialization of young people. Education, employment, and citizenship are regarded as fundamental determinants of social exclusion. This paper constructs a novel theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of social exclusion and its pedagogical counterforces within the framework of social sustainability through philosophical conceptual analysis. The problem field is based on the example of Finland, where social exclusion of young people has become an important issue in political debate, despite the population’s extensive social rights. In conclusion, the importance of holistic-systemic modeling is highlighted as a foundation for an integrated and coordinated system of political and educational interventions. Pedagogical counterforces against social exclusion are discussed particularly in the light of the concept of social sustainability.
Juha Hämäläinen; Pasi Matikainen. Mechanisms and Pedagogical Counterforces of Young People’s Social Exclusion: Some Remarks on the Requisites of Social Sustainability. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2166 .
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen, Pasi Matikainen. Mechanisms and Pedagogical Counterforces of Young People’s Social Exclusion: Some Remarks on the Requisites of Social Sustainability. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen; Pasi Matikainen. 2018. "Mechanisms and Pedagogical Counterforces of Young People’s Social Exclusion: Some Remarks on the Requisites of Social Sustainability." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2166.
The approach to developing professional welfare services for families is considered in the light of both conflicting traditional and modern family values. Providing updated understanding of the social needs of families in contemporary China, this article also discusses today’s challenges of welfare policies to recognize the changed necessities in order to identify appropriate policies and services to Chinese families, focusing on mainland China.
Juha Hämäläinen; Honglin Chen; Fang Zhao. The Chinese welfare philosophy in light of the traditional concept of family. International Social Work 2017, 62, 224 -239.
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen, Honglin Chen, Fang Zhao. The Chinese welfare philosophy in light of the traditional concept of family. International Social Work. 2017; 62 (1):224-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen; Honglin Chen; Fang Zhao. 2017. "The Chinese welfare philosophy in light of the traditional concept of family." International Social Work 62, no. 1: 224-239.
Andreas Baldschun; Juha Hämäläinen; Pertti Töttö; Otso Rantonen; Paula Salo. Job-strain and well-being among Finnish social workers: exploring the differences in occupational well-being between child protection social workers and social workers without duties in child protection. European Journal of Social Work 2017, 22, 43 -58.
AMA StyleAndreas Baldschun, Juha Hämäläinen, Pertti Töttö, Otso Rantonen, Paula Salo. Job-strain and well-being among Finnish social workers: exploring the differences in occupational well-being between child protection social workers and social workers without duties in child protection. European Journal of Social Work. 2017; 22 (1):43-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Baldschun; Juha Hämäläinen; Pertti Töttö; Otso Rantonen; Paula Salo. 2017. "Job-strain and well-being among Finnish social workers: exploring the differences in occupational well-being between child protection social workers and social workers without duties in child protection." European Journal of Social Work 22, no. 1: 43-58.
This article offers a general review of the development of national policies on child protection in China. It offers an in-depth analysis of related legislation enacted between 2010 and 2015 that have had an impact on child protection and related historical, cultural and legal issues. Furthermore, in the study we examined the emerging role of social work in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect in China. Major findings of the research include: (i) policies concerning child protection have been highly influenced by Confucianism and its perspective of the child as family property; (ii) child protection regulations on accident reporting, custody transfer, and surrogate care are gradually being refined and improved, although the legal system for child protection is still incomplete and needs further substantiation; and (iii) the involvement of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and social workers has enhanced the child protection system. Key Practitioner Message: • Policies concerning child protection have been subject to an immense impact by Confucianism, placing strong responsibility on family members in providing childcare although the child is viewed as part of the family's property; • After 1949, the newly founded socialist political structure began to exert a significant influence on welfare and child welfare policies. Because the Confucian perspective emphasised family and parental responsibility, government in China has traditionally not been heavily involved in policies that interfere in the internal workings of families; • Since the shift toward an open-door policy in 1979, child protection policies in China have begun to develop, with a child welfare network gradually spreading to cover the majority of children. Moreover, child protection is generally supported by the legal system, within which regulations on accident reporting, custody transfer and surrogate care are gradually being refined and improved. However, despite the huge progress achieved in recent years, there are significant deficits in its implementation and monitoring; • The involvement of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and professional social work services has promoted a child protection system.
Fang Zhao; Juha Hämäläinen; Honglin L. Chen. Child protection in China: Changing policies and reactions from the field of social work. International Journal of Social Welfare 2017, 26, 329 -339.
AMA StyleFang Zhao, Juha Hämäläinen, Honglin L. Chen. Child protection in China: Changing policies and reactions from the field of social work. International Journal of Social Welfare. 2017; 26 (4):329-339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang Zhao; Juha Hämäläinen; Honglin L. Chen. 2017. "Child protection in China: Changing policies and reactions from the field of social work." International Journal of Social Welfare 26, no. 4: 329-339.
With the rapid development of the child welfare system in China over recent years, medical social work has been increasingly involved in providing child protection services in several hospitals in Shanghai. Focusing on five cases in this paper, the exploratory study aims to present a critical overview of current practices and effects of medical social work for child protection, based on a critical analysis of the multidimensional role of social work practitioners engaged in the provision of child protection services as well as potential challenges. Implications and suggestions for future improvements of China's child protection system are also discussed.
Fang Zhao; Juha Hämäläinen; Yu-Ting Chen. Medical social work practice in child protection in China: A multiple case study in Shanghai hospitals. Social Work in Health Care 2017, 56, 352 -366.
AMA StyleFang Zhao, Juha Hämäläinen, Yu-Ting Chen. Medical social work practice in child protection in China: A multiple case study in Shanghai hospitals. Social Work in Health Care. 2017; 56 (5):352-366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang Zhao; Juha Hämäläinen; Yu-Ting Chen. 2017. "Medical social work practice in child protection in China: A multiple case study in Shanghai hospitals." Social Work in Health Care 56, no. 5: 352-366.
Juha Hämäläinen. The origins and evolution of child protection in terms of the history of ideas. Paedagogica Historica 2016, 52, 734 -747.
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen. The origins and evolution of child protection in terms of the history of ideas. Paedagogica Historica. 2016; 52 (6):734-747.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen. 2016. "The origins and evolution of child protection in terms of the history of ideas." Paedagogica Historica 52, no. 6: 734-747.
AimsSocial workers report high levels of stress and have an increased risk for hospitalisation with mental diagnoses. However, it is not known whether the risk of work disability with mental diagnoses is higher among social workers compared with other human service professionals. We analysed trends in work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) with mental diagnoses and return to work (RTW) in 2005–2012 among social workers in Finland and Sweden, comparing with such trends in preschool teachers, special education teachers and psychologists.MethodsRecords of work disability (>14 days) with mental diagnoses (ICD-10 codes F00–F99) from nationwide health registers were linked to two prospective cohort projects: the Finnish Public Sector study, years 2005–2011 and the Insurance Medicine All Sweden database, years 2005–2012. The Finnish sample comprised 4849 employees and the Swedish 119 219 employees covering four occupations: social workers (Finland 1155/Sweden 23 704), preschool teachers (2419/74 785), special education teachers (832/14 004) and psychologists (443/6726). The reference occupations were comparable regarding educational level. Risk of work disability was analysed with negative binomial regression and RTW with Cox proportional hazards.ResultsSocial workers in Finland and Sweden had a higher risk of work disability with mental diagnoses compared with preschool teachers and special education teachers (rate ratios (RR) 1.43–1.91), after adjustment for age and sex. In Sweden, but not in Finland, social workers also had higher work disability risk than psychologists (RR 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.28–1.81). In Sweden, in the final model special education teachers had a 9% higher probability RTW than social workers. In Sweden, in the final model the risks for work disability with depression diagnoses and stress-related disorder diagnoses were similar to the risk with all mental diagnoses (RR 1.40–1.77), and the probability of RTW was 6% higher in preschool teachers after work disability with depression diagnoses and 9% higher in special education teachers after work disability with stress-related disorder diagnoses compared with social workers.ConclusionSocial workers appear to be at a greater risk of work disability with mental diagnoses compared with other human service professionals in Finland and Sweden. It remains to be studied whether the higher risk is due to selection of vulnerable employees to social work or the effect of work-related stress in social work. Further studies should focus on these mechanisms and the risk of work disability with mental diagnoses among human service professionals.
O. Rantonen; K. Alexanderson; J. Pentti; L. Kjeldgård; Juha Hämäläinen; E. Mittendorfer-Rutz; Mika Kivimaki; Jussi Vahtera; P. Salo. Trends in work disability with mental diagnoses among social workers in Finland and Sweden in 2005–2012. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 2016, 26, 644 -654.
AMA StyleO. Rantonen, K. Alexanderson, J. Pentti, L. Kjeldgård, Juha Hämäläinen, E. Mittendorfer-Rutz, Mika Kivimaki, Jussi Vahtera, P. Salo. Trends in work disability with mental diagnoses among social workers in Finland and Sweden in 2005–2012. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2016; 26 (6):644-654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. Rantonen; K. Alexanderson; J. Pentti; L. Kjeldgård; Juha Hämäläinen; E. Mittendorfer-Rutz; Mika Kivimaki; Jussi Vahtera; P. Salo. 2016. "Trends in work disability with mental diagnoses among social workers in Finland and Sweden in 2005–2012." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 6: 644-654.
Many children taken into care tend to be in need of psychiatric treatment as well as child protection services, and thus the professional expertise of both systems must be coordinated in their care. However, it is widely known across Europe that collaboration between child protection services and mental health services is not working well and the outcomes for looked-after children are poor. In spite of drastic need for knowledge, interprofessional collaboration between residential workers and mental health practitioners is poorly explored in international research. Most importantly, very little is known about shared expertise in multi-agency teams between these systems. Based on the analysis of interprofessional focus group interviews (eight interviews with 17 practitioners) in Finland, it is claimed that both sides have unrealistic expectations and perceptions of the other professional grouping and its facilities to help high-need children. The study also indicates that the collaboration assumes an equality of status and responsibilities between the professionals that does not always exist amongst residential child care practitioners and mental health professionals. The analysis suggests that the concept of residential child care work itself needs more empirical research to strengthen the interprofessional competencies and enhance child-centred integrated care.
Eeva Timonen-Kallio; Juha Hämäläinen; Eila Laukkanen. Interprofessional Collaboration in Finnish Residential Child Care: Challenges in Incorporating and Sharing Expertise Between the Child Protection and Health Care Systems. Child Care in Practice 2016, 23, 389 -403.
AMA StyleEeva Timonen-Kallio, Juha Hämäläinen, Eila Laukkanen. Interprofessional Collaboration in Finnish Residential Child Care: Challenges in Incorporating and Sharing Expertise Between the Child Protection and Health Care Systems. Child Care in Practice. 2016; 23 (4):389-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEeva Timonen-Kallio; Juha Hämäläinen; Eila Laukkanen. 2016. "Interprofessional Collaboration in Finnish Residential Child Care: Challenges in Incorporating and Sharing Expertise Between the Child Protection and Health Care Systems." Child Care in Practice 23, no. 4: 389-403.
This study highlights social work’s response to socio-cultural diversity by investigating the reality of multiculturalism in social work curricula vis-a-vis the Global Standards debates. Content analysis technique is used from a transcendental perspective to explore the attributes of multiculturalism in social work curricula via the online directory of the International Association of Schools of Social Work. Each curriculum reflects relative attributes of multiculturalism, identifiable as tenets of the Global Standards – a tool for modeling social work education across cultures. A new theory and a practice model for international social work also emerged from the study, and are proposed for testing.
Thomas Akintayo; Juha Hämäläinen; Sari Rissanen. Global Standards and the realities of multiculturalism in social work curricula. International Social Work 2016, 61, 395 -409.
AMA StyleThomas Akintayo, Juha Hämäläinen, Sari Rissanen. Global Standards and the realities of multiculturalism in social work curricula. International Social Work. 2016; 61 (3):395-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Akintayo; Juha Hämäläinen; Sari Rissanen. 2016. "Global Standards and the realities of multiculturalism in social work curricula." International Social Work 61, no. 3: 395-409.
Andreas Baldschun; Pertti Töttö; Juha Hämäläinen; Paula Salo. Modeling the Occupational Well-Being of Finnish Social Work Employees: A Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance 2016, 40, 524 -539.
AMA StyleAndreas Baldschun, Pertti Töttö, Juha Hämäläinen, Paula Salo. Modeling the Occupational Well-Being of Finnish Social Work Employees: A Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance. 2016; 40 (5):524-539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Baldschun; Pertti Töttö; Juha Hämäläinen; Paula Salo. 2016. "Modeling the Occupational Well-Being of Finnish Social Work Employees: A Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance 40, no. 5: 524-539.
This study uses content analysis and visual representation methods to explore how multiculturalism is displayed on the websites of agencies providing social care for the aged. These agencies use strategically planned texts to portray multicultural categories of inclusion, diversity and individuality; and emphasize the text referents through ethno-related pictures as universal equivalence symbols for ethno-cultural diversity. With the few cases of non-text referents, which are open to cultural and sociological relativities, the study posited that the patterns and modes of portraying multiculturalism are similar. It concluded with the need for further studies to establish whether state policies or agencies' market strategies are behind the liberal multicultural references.
Thomas Akintayo; Juha Hämäläinen; Sari Rissanen. Multiculturalism in social agencies for the aged. SpringerPlus 2014, 3, 429 .
AMA StyleThomas Akintayo, Juha Hämäläinen, Sari Rissanen. Multiculturalism in social agencies for the aged. SpringerPlus. 2014; 3 (1):429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Akintayo; Juha Hämäläinen; Sari Rissanen. 2014. "Multiculturalism in social agencies for the aged." SpringerPlus 3, no. 1: 429.
This paper deals with the problem of ambiguity in relation to the term social pedagogy. It portrays a picture with multiple theoretical drivers, including historical, epistemological and professional. The aim is to improve our understanding of the multifaceted nature of social pedagogy—a topical and complex issue. Both distinguishing and common denominators associated with different schools of thought are considered. The analysis shows that building a social pedagogical theory usually deals with the tension between a person's autonomy and modern society's requirements in the process of socialisation, and that social pedagogical theory is often being applied to alleviate social ills through education. Social pedagogy has been conceptualised as a science (a field of research and theory building), as a science-based occupational system of practices (a field of professional practice) and as a system of corresponding professional education (discipline).
Juha Hämäläinen. Defining Social Pedagogy: Historical, Theoretical and Practical Considerations. British Journal of Social Work 2013, 45, 1022 -1038.
AMA StyleJuha Hämäläinen. Defining Social Pedagogy: Historical, Theoretical and Practical Considerations. British Journal of Social Work. 2013; 45 (3):1022-1038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuha Hämäläinen. 2013. "Defining Social Pedagogy: Historical, Theoretical and Practical Considerations." British Journal of Social Work 45, no. 3: 1022-1038.
As the secondary means of income redistribution in Chinese society (the primary means being taxation), the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (MLSG) programme or dibao has been the object of both praise and criticism. The programme helps the government to channel its limited financial resources to the persons who need it most. While it covers the necessities of life, however, it does not enable its recipients to escape from poverty. It has also been criticized for its exorbitant administrative costs and heavy workload. This study uses a qualitative longitudinal design to identify changes across interview intervals and uncover the internal dynamics of the dibao programme. The research findings enrich the current literature on social assistance in China. Forty households receiving dibao in Shanghai were interviewed. Our findings show that most dibao recipients are laid-off workers – casualties of the massive economic reforms of the 1990s – and the younger members of their families. The assistance they receive helps with their daily expenses, but is insufficient to raise them out of poverty.
Chen Honglin; Wong Yu-Cheung; Zeng Qun; Juha Hämäläinen. Trapped in poverty? A study of thedibaoprogramme in Shanghai. China Journal of Social Work 2013, 6, 327 -343.
AMA StyleChen Honglin, Wong Yu-Cheung, Zeng Qun, Juha Hämäläinen. Trapped in poverty? A study of thedibaoprogramme in Shanghai. China Journal of Social Work. 2013; 6 (3):327-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen Honglin; Wong Yu-Cheung; Zeng Qun; Juha Hämäläinen. 2013. "Trapped in poverty? A study of thedibaoprogramme in Shanghai." China Journal of Social Work 6, no. 3: 327-343.