This study addresses the need for thermomechanically robust materials for high-temperature environments by investigating fabric-reinforced composites produced through polymer infiltration and thermal pressing using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and epoxy (ER) resins. Experimental validation was required due to the lack of comparative data across different textile reinforcements under identical conditions. Seven technical fabrics—carbon, aramid, basalt, silica, fiberglass, asbestos, and a carbon/aramid hybrid—were used as reinforcements. Mechanical testing revealed that carbon- and hybrid fiber composites exhibited the highest tensile (up to 465 MPa) and compressive strengths (up to 301 MPa), particularly when combined with ER. Conversely, the use of PF generally resulted in a 30–50% reduction in mechanical strength. However, PF-based composites demonstrated superior thermal resistance, with the silica/PF combination showing the lowest back-face temperature (401 °C), up to 37% lower than other pairings. Thermal conductivity ranged from 0.041 to 0.51 W/m·K, with PF-based systems offering 6–12% lower values on average compared to ER-based analogs. Morphological analysis confirmed better interfacial bonding in ER composites, while PF systems showed higher structural integrity under thermal loading. Overall, the results emphasize the trade-offs between mechanical strength and thermal protection depending on the fabric–resin combination. Among all variants, the silica fabric with PF demonstrated the most balanced performance, making it a promising candidate for thermomechanical applications.

This paper investigates a polymer composite and carbon fiber impregnated with epoxy resin for the fabrication of a lightweight and high-strength composite casing for rocket propulsion systems. It describes the winding technology which uses a removable mandrel and angular winding at ±55° and ±20° to expand the stress distribution, as well as alternating angles of ±45° and 80° to improve resistance to tensile and torsional loads. A fixture has been developed that ensures ease of disassembly and good strength of the final products. Hydrostatic tests showed the operational stability of the casings under internal pressure up to 10 MPa for a 1.5 mm-thick casing and 18 MPa for a 3 mm-thick casing, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed technology. The research results demonstrate the high reliability and potential exploitation of composite materials.