This systematic review aims to demonstrate that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation may be an effective molecule in improving exercise performance and recovering muscle damage, improving antioxidant capacity, and suppressing inflammatory processes. The study covers the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2011 to 2023. The final review was conducted on June 6. In the literature analysis, eight keywords (exercise, oxidative stress, CoQ10, muscle damage, inflammation, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and performance) were employed to investigate the publications. The full texts of 362 full texts of articles were included in this study. These were analyzed according to the PRISMA reporting criteria. In the analysis, one study was conducted with experimental animals, two studies were conducted with male and female participants, and 12 studies were conducted with only male participants. Participants in twelve studies were well-trained. However, two studies were conducted with a sedentary group. In addition, CoQ10 supplementation was present in all studies. CoQ10 supplementation was between 5-60 mg/kg in 4 studies and 100 mg/kg and above in the remaining 10 studies. Antioxidant capacities and inflammation markers were among the parameters of most interest. There were fewer studies on skeletal and cardiac muscle damage and performance markers. CoQ10 supplementation during intense exercise elevates plasma CoQ10 and antioxidant levels while reducing inflammation markers. Additionally, it enhances contractile function in sarcomeres and cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to comprehensively as certain CoQ10 impact on athletic performance.

Obesity is one of the world's most risky health problems with increasing prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calorie-restricted diet and intermittent fasting diet on body composition with electromyostimulation (EMS) applications in obese females. The study was conducted with 90 obese females. Participants were randomly divided into 5 groups, EMS, EMS+intermittent fasting (EMS+IF), EMS+calorie restricted (EMS+CR), intermittent fasting (IF), and calorie restricted (CR) diet groups. EMS groups received 27min/2g/week EMS exercise protocol for 4 weeks. Furthermore, dietary interventions were conducted with all groups (except EMS). Body composition measurements of the participants were obtained with a bioelectrical impedance device. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the obtained data. BMI, body mass, and body fat weight decreased significantly in the EMS+IF, and EMS+CR groups compared to the EMS group while skeletal muscle weight decreased dramatically in all four groups compared to the EMS group. In body analysis regional (right-left arm, right-left leg, and trunk) parameters, fat weight decreased significantly in EMS+IF, and EMS+CR groups compared to the other groups. Moreover, muscle mass decreased more in the EMS+CR and EMS+IF groups compared to the other groups. Dietary interventions in the form of CR or IF with EMS significantly affected body composition measurements in obese participants. EMS and IF dietary interventions may be therapeutic tools to combat obesity.Keywords: Calorie-Restricted Diet, Electromyostimulation, Exercise, Intermittent Fasting, Obesity

Kalp ve iskelet kasındaki metabolik değişimler ile anjiyogenez arasında yakın bir etkileşimin olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak egzersizin bu iki doku üzerindeki etkisine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkaracağı anjiyojenik hareketliliğin serüveni tam anlamıyla aydınlığa kavuşturulamamıştır. Bu sebeple mevcut araştırma egzersizin fiziksel etkisine maruz kalan kalp kası ve iskelet kası dokularının fizyolojik anjiyogeneze nasıl cevaplar verdiğinin irdelenmesi amacı ile geleneksel derleme türünde hazırlanmıştır. Bu derleme yayın yılı kısıtlaması olmadan PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarındaki literatürden oluşturulmuştur. Literatür taramasında 4 Türkçe anahtar kelime (egzersiz, anjiyogenez, kalp kası, iskelet kası) ve bunların ingilizceleri kullanılarak ulaşılan yayınlar incelenmiştir. Egzersizin anjiyogenezi teşviki konusundaki rolü, anjiyogenez mekanizması üzerindeki etkisi ve doku yapısındaki anjiyonegez hareketliliğine olan katkısının derinlemesine tartışılması yeni terapötik hedefleri keşfetmeye rehberlik edebilir. Bu kapsamda çalışma egzersize bağlı anjiyogenezin kalp kası ve iskelet kasındaki yeniden modellenme mekanizmalarını ve fizyolojik çabasını açıklamaya yönelik sürdürülen araştırmalara odaklanmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi ışığında egzersizin hem kalp kası hem de iskelet kasında fizyolojik anjiyogenezi modelleme konusundaki çabasının dikkate değer olduğu ve sporcularda sportif performans artışını önemli düzeyde etkileyebileceği ifade edilebilir.

Background: Spirulina supplementation combined with structured exercise may improve obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions. This research examined whether this combination enhances body composition, glucose levels, lipid profile, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adults. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating spirulina (1–6 g/day) combined with structured exercise in individuals with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25). The search retrieved 91 records, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Nine studies provided sufficient post-intervention data and were included in the quantitative meta-analysis using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed using τ², Q, and I² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated using rank correlation, regression-based tests, trim-and-fill, and fail-safe N analyses. Results: Combined spirulina supplementation and structured exercise (6–12 weeks) was associated with reductions in BMI (−1.34 kg/m²), body fat percentage (−3.03%), fasting glucose (−14.47 mg/dL), LDL-C (−12.68 mg/dL), and triglycerides (−9.81 mg/dL), along with increases in VO2max (3.25 mL/kg/min) and HDL-C (4.21 mg/dL). Effect estimates were generally larger in combined exercise–spirulina subgroups, particularly in HIITsupp and R-AEsupp conditions, whereas supplementation-only comparisons demonstrated smaller and less consistent changes. Inflammatory markers and adipokines (CRP, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8) showed favorable directional changes in individual trials. Conclusions: Spirulina combined with structured exercise was associated with changes in anthropometric, glycemic, cardiorespiratory, and lipid parameters in individuals with overweight or obesity.