Due to the recent technological progress, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is an alternative for the high-resolution imaging of the terrestrial surface, helping map lineaments, essential structures on the stage of geological mapping. Therefore, this research aims to accomplish and to confirm the efficiency of the use of UAV high-resolution imaging for semi-automatic lineament mapping, in a shear zone in Guaçuí/ES. Orthomosaic was created from the UAV imaging, in which the LINE algorithm was used from Geomath PCI software for the semi-automatic mapping of lineaments. In addition, a manual lineament mapping was performed on the orthomosaic for comparison purposes, and a shaded relief image was made up of Azimuth 135° and Elevation 45°, from the SRTM data, followed by manual lineament mapping for a regional vision of the studied area. On the semi-automatic and manual extraction on the orthomosaic and shaded relief image, 61.30%, 61.63%, 57.38% of the lineaments, respectively, have NW-SE direction, showing a really strong correlation. Therefore, the semi-automatic mapping is extremely effective in terms of structural trends acquisition and can provide fine-scale data for the assessment of inaccessible areas.

The East Brazilian continental margin contains a large shelf sector called the Royal Charlotte Bank. It has terrigenous and carbonate sedimentation associated with coastal reefs. Studies using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and the geochemistry of immobile elements were done in samples of these reefs to figure out the provenance of the mud that arrives there. In order to do this, samples of riverine sediment from the Jequitinhonha, Santo Antônio, João de Tiba, and Buranhém rivers as well as from the Barreiras Group’s sedimentary cliffs were taken. The Jequitinhonha River was found to be the most significant mud source. This was supported by the mineral fingerprints of smectite and biotite, the concentrations of immobile trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Th, and the distribution and ratio of rare-earth elements. These findings are supported by the prevailing north-to-south drift that occurs in the region due to the northeasterly trade winds and waves that blow throughout the region for the vast majority of the year. The findings have significant implications for hydrographic basin management and the protection of reef benthic populations.

The Doce River, located in Southeast Brazil, is of great importance in supplying water for urban use, agriculture, fishing and other purposes. It was affected by a disaster that occurred on November 5, 2015 due to the collapse of the Fundão ore tailing dam, in the municipality of Mariana (MG). This disaster generated socio-environmental consequences, as some regions were severely affected due to the waste released in the river, which was considered potentially toxic in the short to long term. This work presents a temporal analysis of images from the Landsat 8 satellite, associating the aspects of rainfall in dry and rainy months, in years before and after the disaster (2014, 2015, 2016, and 2020), together with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) obtained by image digital processing, to analyze the relation between dry and rainy periods and the spectral response of images. This analysis allowed the understanding of the behavior of the suspended materials, before and after the disaster, to unravel how the dispersion of tailings occurs. Part of the ore tailing that was deposited along the river went into suspension again in the rainy season one year after the disaster and, five years after, the satellite images show no difference compared to pre-disaster conditions. But, seven years after the spill, there are still iron ore tailings deposited and mixed with the river sediments. The fluvial dynamics are incorporating the tailings into the sediments, originating conducive places to provide various types of metals adhered to the particulate matter. Keywords: iron ore tailings, rainfall, remote sensing.

The processing of dimension stones for the construction sector involves transforming rock blocks into slabs via sawing and polishing. This process generates a fine-grained waste composed largely of rock powder derived from the processed rock. Several studies indicate that the rock powder produced as a processing waste can release Ca, Mg, and K. However, alongside the release of macronutrients, there is the possibility of releasing undesirable constituents, such as Na, which is also a component of the minerals forming silicate rocks. This study aimed to analyze the risk of salinization that these materials may cause to soil if applied without a thorough evaluation of their composition. Samples were analyzed in terms of physical, chemical, and mineralogical parameters; exchangeable inorganic constituents; percentage of exchangeable sodium; and sodium adsorption ratio. The data indicate that residues stored in landfills in a random and unsorted manner do not fully meet the criteria established by Brazilian regulations for soil remineralizers. However, their characteristics suggest good potential for use in the agricultural sector, although this would require blending with other agricultural inputs and/or segregating residues from certain types of rocks to comply with current regulations.