Investigate which AIS injury descriptors are rarely if ever utilized in a large dataset (such as NASS/CISS) and thus would have the least influence on the ISS should these codes be retired or group...

The human neck is highly vulnerable in motor vehicle crashes, and cervical spine response data are essential to improve injury prediction tools (e.g., crash test dummies, human body models). This feasibility study aimed to implement the use of pressure sensors in whole-body post-mortem human subject (PMHS) cervical spine intervertebral discs (IVDs) to confirm the feasibility and repeatability of cervical IVD pressure response to biomechanic research. Two fresh frozen whole-body PMHSs were instrumented with miniature pressure sensors (Model 060S, Precision Measurement Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) at three cervical IVD levels (C3/C4, C5/C6, and C7/T1) using minimally invasive surgical insertion techniques. Each PMHS underwent three quasistatic motion test trials, and each trial included multiple head/neck motions (i.e., gentle traction, flexion/extension, lateral bending, axial rotation, and forced tension/compression). Results showed marked pressure differences between both the cervical level assessed and the motion undertaken as well as successful intra-subject repeatability between the three motion trials. This study demonstrates that changes in cervical IVD pressure are associated with motion events of the cervical spine. Cervical IVD response data could be utilized to assess and supplement the characterization of the head/neck complex motion, and data could facilitate the continued improvement of injury prediction tools.

Cervical spine (c-spine) injuries are a prominent concern in sporting activities, and dynamic axial (i.e., head-first) impacts are associated with a high risk of c-spine trauma. This methodology study implanted pressure sensors in post-mortem human subject (PMHS) cervical intervertebral discs (CIVDs) to assess biomechanical response and disc pressure changes during dynamic injurious axial impacts. Two fresh frozen male head–neck PMHS (cephalus with complete c-spine) were instrumented with miniature pressure sensors (Model 060S, Precision Measurement Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) at three CIVD levels (upper, middle, and lower c-spine). Experiments replicated the Nightingale et al. studies, simulating a rigid unconstrained head vertex (0°) axial impact. PMHS were raised to a drop height of 0.53 m to reach the desired impact velocity of ~3.2 m/s and were allowed to drop vertically. Results showed characteristic c-spine deformations/buckling motion patterns and marked CIVD pressure differences between CIVD levels. The more cranial (C2–C4) and caudal (C6–T1) CIVD exhibited greater and more comparable pressure values than those of the mid-spine (C4–C6), and the pressure in upper/lower levels was at least ~four to six times higher than that of the middle. This study establishes the feasibility and assesses the potential of CIVD pressure as a biomechanical metric for assessing injurious axial loading and contributes a novel experimental framework for future injury tolerance research and model validation.