For the Battery Management System (BMS) to manage and control the battery, State of Charge (SOC) is an important battery performance indicator. In order to identify the parameters of the LiFePO₄ battery, this paper employs the forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) method, which considers the computational volume and model correctness, to determine the parameters of the LiFePO₄ battery. On this basis, the two resistor-capacitor equivalent circuit model is selected for estimating the SOC of the Li-ion battery by combining the extended Kalman filter (EKF) with the Sage–Husa adaptive algorithm. The positivity is improved by modifying the system noise estimation matrix. The paper concludes with a MATLAB 2016B simulation, which serves to validate the SOC estimation algorithm. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to the conventional EKF, the enhanced EKF exhibits superior estimation precision and resilience to interference, along with enhanced convergence during the estimation process.

As the demand for efficient heat dissipation in information devices continues to escalate, the heat flux of integrated packaging devices is poised to reach 100 W/cm² universally, rendering microchannel liquid cooling technology a pivotal solution in thermal management. In this work, the microchannel heat sink with spoiler cavities, optimized via field synergy principle, was integrated into the high-power electronics, and its flow and heat transfer performance were experimentally investigated using Al₂O₃-water nanofluid. The results show that the experimental and simulation results of the optimized microchannel heat sink integrated with IGBT devices are in good agreement. With structural optimization combined with an appropriate volume fraction of nanofluid, the microchannel heat sink exhibited significantly better heat dissipation performance than that of rectangular heat sinks under a heat flux of 100 W/cm². Furthermore, when the volumetric flow rate exceeded 0.6 mL/s, the heat transfer performance was improved by 38% compared to the rectangular microchannel heat sink with 1% volume fraction of Al₂O₃-water nanofluid.

The harvesting process of super rice is associated with certain challenges involving the effectiveness of the harvesting equipment. To adapt the cleaning device to this process and keep pace with the performance improvements made to the separation device, the cleaning device must handle high impurity contents in the ejected material after initial separation. This paper proposes a structural improvement to the conventional wind-sieve cleaning device by incorporating streamlined arc plates with pneumatic characteristics onto the cleaning vibrating sieve, providing a dynamic airflow guidance structure to enhance the airflow distribution inside the cleaning chamber. First, indicators for evaluating the quality of the airflow field were established. Through the measurement and calculation of the airflow field, a multiobjective optimization orthogonal experiment was conducted on the working parameters affecting the airflow field. The parameter combination for the optimal performance of the cleaning device was determined to be as follows: a fan speed of 1250 r/min, first and second guide plate angles of 37° and 30°, respectively, and a fish-scale sieve opening of 24 mm. Field tests conducted to supplement the multiobjective orthogonal experiment helped confirm the reliability of the evaluation indicators for the airflow field. Based on an analysis of the airflow field, improvements were proposed for the conventional cleaning device, with aerodynamic arc plates designed to be installed on the cleaning vibrating sieve. With these structural modifications in place, more field tests were performed to verify the cleaning effect. The proposed airflow guidance structure was found to be effective in improving the cleaning efficiency, as evidenced by the reduction in the impurity rate from 4.78% to 1.78% and the loss rate from 2.46% to 0.78%. The establishment of evaluation indicators for the airflow field, structural improvements made to the wind-sieve cleaning device, and the significant reduction in the impurity and loss rates associated with rice cleaning provide practical guidance for the design of cutting and longitudinal-flow combine harvesters.

Among the microstructural parameters influencing hotspot cooling in microchannel heat sinks, the header design plays a particularly significant role in thermal management. This study conducted numerical simulations to investigate hotspot heat dissipation in pin-fin microchannel heat sinks with inlet and outlet header structures. A detailed analysis was performed on the temperature distribution, flow characteristic, and field synergy in pin-fin microchannel heat sinks with different header microstructures. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which these microstructures influence heat transfer in the hotspot region were investigated. The results indicate that, under varying header parameters, changes in the field synergy angle within the microchannels are consistent with variations in the convective heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, the header configuration with Mhead = 2 mm and Hhead = 0.55 mm yielded the lowest maximum temperature on the hotspot surface, reducing it by 6 K compared to the peak temperature observed among all cases. This study offers a new approach to mitigating the heat dissipation challenges associated with local hotspot.