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Jamal
Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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A global trend for developing sustainable transport infrastructure by adopting various sources of recycled material is being promoted by researchers and media daily. Recycling End of Life Tyres (EOLTs) in the form of Crumb Rubber (CR) builds on decades of past tradition. Local councils in Australia welcome recycling practices and sustainability although a general lack of guidelines is commonly acknowledged for low-traffic roads. This paper evaluates the benefits of low-content crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) for its application on Australian local roads, often exposed to very hot summer temperatures. Blending conditions play a vital role in CRMB; these include temperature, mixing duration and applied shear rate or shear mixer speed. In this study, the influence of blending conditions on the physical, chemical, thermal and rheological properties of low-content CRMB is investigated. Two shear mixing rates (700 and 3500 rpm) and three mixing durations (30, 60 and 90 minutes) were chosen and rubber-modified blends were prepared with 7.5% CR. Rheological tests such as master curve, black diagram, Cole-Cole analysis, and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery were investigated. It was observed that the mixing duration has minimal effect on low-content CRMB, however, the applied shear rate has an impact in the sense that it produces a relatively stiffer – and oxidised – blend at higher mixing speeds. This was also correlated to the outcome from Fourier Transform InfraRed analysis (FTIR). Overall, the use of low-content CRMB in local Australian roads can significantly improve the rutting performance while facilitating the recycling of end-of-life tyres.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jamal; Filippo Giustozzi. Low-content crumb rubber modified bitumen for improving Australian local roads condition. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 271, 122484 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jamal, Filippo Giustozzi. Low-content crumb rubber modified bitumen for improving Australian local roads condition. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 271 ():122484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jamal; Filippo Giustozzi. 2020. "Low-content crumb rubber modified bitumen for improving Australian local roads condition." Journal of Cleaner Production 271, no. : 122484.

Review
Published: 01 June 2020 in Emerging Materials Research
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In recent years, various nanomaterials have been used in many scientific and engineering fields. Owing to their small size and large surface area, nano-modifiers result in improved substrate characteristics in comparison to their macro and micro-sized counterparts. Nanomaterials possess incredible features, which make them suitable as additives in asphalt mixtures. This study describes the importance of nanomaterials with emphasis on the use of Carbon nanotubes as asphalt binder modifier. Different methods for synthesis of CNTs such as arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are explained, and different types of techniques used for CNTs dispersion in bitumen are elaborated. The results of conventional testing techniques such as penetration grade, softening point, ductility and viscosity to characterize the mechanical performance of CNTs modified asphalt binder are also summarized in this work. Effects of CNTs modifications on the rheological properties of asphalt binder have also been described. A systematic review of experimental studies on asphalt binder modification using CNTs was carried out. Addition of CNTs improves the stiffness of asphalt binder thereby increasing its resistance against rutting. Different parameters/variables such as binder type, mixing technique, mixer type, CNTs properties and mixing time play key roles in modification of bitumen with CNTs by significantly effecting the performance of the resulting asphalt binder.

ACS Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Jamal; Waqas Anwar; Anwar Khitab; Sabahat Hussan. Carbon Nanotubes and Their Use for Asphalt Binder Modification: A Review. Emerging Materials Research 2020, 9, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Jamal, Waqas Anwar, Anwar Khitab, Sabahat Hussan. Carbon Nanotubes and Their Use for Asphalt Binder Modification: A Review. Emerging Materials Research. 2020; 9 (2):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Jamal; Waqas Anwar; Anwar Khitab; Sabahat Hussan. 2020. "Carbon Nanotubes and Their Use for Asphalt Binder Modification: A Review." Emerging Materials Research 9, no. 2: 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The integration of various polymers in bitumen is common practice to reduce its thermal susceptibility. Nowadays, recycled materials are re-purposed in roads to improve the overall pavement performance and durability. Specifically, the use of soft plastics has been increasingly looked after by local governments and road authorities to possibly limit landfill, hence helping with the waste management issues experienced by many countries. This study evaluates the use of a very common and largely available soft plastic - recycled linear low-density polyethylene (R-LLDPE) - for modification of bitumen. To assess its applicability in the road sector, the base bitumen and R-LLDPE modified bitumen blends were compared through physical, chemical, rheological and thermal evaluation. It was observed that due the addition of high concentrations of R-LLDPE the viscosity and softening point were increased from 0.62 Pa s and 44.1 °C up to 5.75 Pa s and 122.3 °C, respectively, whereas the penetration value decreased from 59.3 to 14.3 (0.1 mm). A progressive increase in viscosity with increasing concentration of R-LLDPE indicates substantial reduction in workability due to the greater polymer-dominant phase. An increase in the intensities of peaks and the absence of new peaks during Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis confirms the successful blending of the recycled polymer into the bitumen matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the modified bitumen had less evaporation and higher thermal stability than base bitumen. The rheological evaluation highlighted how the R-LLDPE addition significantly affected the thermo-susceptibility of the bitumen and improved the resistance to permanent deformation at high temperature and elastic recovery. Based on the overall findings of this study, it can be stated that R-LLDPE – if dosed correctly and sourced from homogeneous sources – can enhance the overall bitumen performance without significant drawbacks. In particular, 3% R-LLDPE is considered a suitable modification for most environmental conditions, whereas 6% R-LLDPE is only ideal for tropical climates. Higher dosage is not recommended.

ACS Style

Sabzoi Nizamuddin; Muhammad Jamal; Rebecca Gravina; Filippo Giustozzi. Recycled plastic as bitumen modifier: The role of recycled linear low-density polyethylene in the modification of physical, chemical and rheological properties of bitumen. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 266, 121988 .

AMA Style

Sabzoi Nizamuddin, Muhammad Jamal, Rebecca Gravina, Filippo Giustozzi. Recycled plastic as bitumen modifier: The role of recycled linear low-density polyethylene in the modification of physical, chemical and rheological properties of bitumen. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 266 ():121988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabzoi Nizamuddin; Muhammad Jamal; Rebecca Gravina; Filippo Giustozzi. 2020. "Recycled plastic as bitumen modifier: The role of recycled linear low-density polyethylene in the modification of physical, chemical and rheological properties of bitumen." Journal of Cleaner Production 266, no. : 121988.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2019 in Construction and Building Materials
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Low pavement performance increases environmental degradation and reduces natural reserves. This reduction in pavement’s service life is attributed towards moisture susceptibility, rutting and fatigue failures of asphalt pavements. To overcome this, waste plastic modifiers were used in this research study to improve the asphalt mixtures moisture damage resistance and hence the asphalt pavement’s service life. Four different sources of aggregate based on petrography of rock were selected to ascertain the effect of different minerals on moisture damage. Qualitative as well as quantitative tests were utilized to assess moisture sensitivity. The analysis of test data showed that high density polyethylene and wet method of mixing has relatively better adhesion properties. Moreover, acidic aggregates containing granite minerals showed more loss of adhesion than basic aggregate quarries due their less polarity and hydrophilic nature. Modified Lottman as well as Hamburg wheel track test were found relatively better for compacted asphalt mixture than Marshall stability test for moisture damage assessment. This study recommends using waste plastics in the asphalt mixtures to improve performance life of the pavement and reduces the environmental degradation.

ACS Style

Safeer Haider; Imran Hafeez; Muhammad Jamal; Rafi Ullah. Sustainable use of waste plastic modifiers to strengthen the adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 235, 117496 .

AMA Style

Safeer Haider, Imran Hafeez, Muhammad Jamal, Rafi Ullah. Sustainable use of waste plastic modifiers to strengthen the adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 235 ():117496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safeer Haider; Imran Hafeez; Muhammad Jamal; Rafi Ullah. 2019. "Sustainable use of waste plastic modifiers to strengthen the adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 235, no. : 117496.

Article
Published: 17 February 2019 in Applied Sciences
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With the increase in the demand for bitumen, it has become essential for pavement engineers to ensure that construction of sustainable pavements occurs. For a complete analysis of the pavement, both its structural and functional performances are considered. In this study, a novel material (i.e., Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs)) has been used to enhance both of the types of pavements’ performances. Two percentages of GNPs (i.e., 2% and 4% by the weight of the binder) were used for the modification of asphalt binder in order to achieve the desired Performance Grade. GNPs were homogeneously dispersed in the asphalt binder, which was validated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and a Hot Storage Stability Test. To analyze the structural performance of the GNPs-doped asphalt, its rheology, resistance to permanent deformation, resistance to moisture damage, and bitumen-aggregate adhesive bond strength were studied. For the analysis of the functional performance, the skid resistance and polishing effect were studied using a British Pendulum Skid Resistance Tester. The results showed that GNPs improved not only the rutting resistance of the pavement but also its durability. The high surface area of GNPs increases the pavement’s bonding strength and makes the asphalt binder stiffer. GNPs also provide nano-texture to the pavement, which enhances its skid resistance. Thus, we can recommend GNPs as an all-around modifier that could improve not only the structural performance but also the functional performance of asphalt pavements.

ACS Style

Murryam Hafeez; Naveed Ahmad; Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal; Javaria Rafi; Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Jamal; Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi; Muhammad Ali Nasir. Experimental Investigation into the Structural and Functional Performance of Graphene Nano-Platelet (GNP)-Doped Asphalt. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 686 .

AMA Style

Murryam Hafeez, Naveed Ahmad, Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal, Javaria Rafi, Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq, Jamal, Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi, Muhammad Ali Nasir. Experimental Investigation into the Structural and Functional Performance of Graphene Nano-Platelet (GNP)-Doped Asphalt. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (4):686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Murryam Hafeez; Naveed Ahmad; Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal; Javaria Rafi; Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Jamal; Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi; Muhammad Ali Nasir. 2019. "Experimental Investigation into the Structural and Functional Performance of Graphene Nano-Platelet (GNP)-Doped Asphalt." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4: 686.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2018 in Applied Sciences
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Conventional binders cannot meet the current performance requirements of asphaltic pavements due to increase in traffic volumes and loads. Nanomaterials, due to their exceptional mechanical properties, are gaining popularity as bitumen modifiers to enhance the performance properties of the asphaltic concrete. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials because of their strength properties, light weight, small size, and large surface area. CNT addition results in improved substrate characteristics as compared to other modifiers. Due to high length to diameter ratio, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen is a complex phenomenon. In this study, dispersion of CNTs in bitumen was carried out using both dry and wet mixing techniques, the latter was selected on the basis of homogeneity of the resultant asphalt mixture. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to check the dispersion of CNTs in binder while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to ensure the removal of solvent used for wet mixing. Conventional bitumen tests (penetration, softening point, and ductility), dynamic shear rheometer tests, rolling bottle tests, and bitumen bond strength tests were employed to check the improvement in the rheological and adhesion properties of bitumen while wheel tracker test was used to check the improvement in resistance against permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures after addition of CNTs. Results show that CNTs improved the higher temperature performance and permanent deformation resistance in both binder and mixtures. Improvement in bitumen–aggregate adhesion properties and moisture resistance was also observed.

ACS Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Ali Nasir; Jamal; Murryam Hafeez; Javaria Rafi; Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi; Waqas Haroon. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in Asphalt Binder: Homogeneous Dispersion and Performance Enhancement. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2651 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Nasir, Jamal, Murryam Hafeez, Javaria Rafi, Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi, Waqas Haroon. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in Asphalt Binder: Homogeneous Dispersion and Performance Enhancement. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (12):2651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Faizan Ul Haq; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Ali Nasir; Jamal; Murryam Hafeez; Javaria Rafi; Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi; Waqas Haroon. 2018. "Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in Asphalt Binder: Homogeneous Dispersion and Performance Enhancement." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12: 2651.

Articles
Published: 07 November 2018 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Recycling of an asphalt pavement reduces construction cost as well as the environmental degradation. Adding the bitumen emulsion as a rejuvenator in aged and oxidised asphalt binder improves its viscosity and stiffness without significantly decreasing the carbonyl index. This results in a high aging rate of such asphalt materials. This study proposes Cereclor as an alternate rejuvenator in the replacement of conventional bitumen-based emulsion. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Cereclor on aged asphalt binder’s characteristics, aging resistance and on the durability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) modified asphalt mixtures. Carbonyl index was calculated from IR spectra of samples before and after laboratory aging to evaluate the aging resistance. It was observed that a 9% by weight of Cereclor rejuvenates 40/50 pen grade aged asphalt binder to the level of 60/70 pen grade bitumen. For durability assessment of RAP and rejuvenated mixes, fatigue, rutting and moisture susceptibility tests were performed. Four-point beam fatigue test showed that a 9% dose of Cereclor has increased the fatigue life of RAP by almost two times as compared to emulsion. Rut depth for all samples was in the range of 3–4 mm satisfying the rutting failure criteria. Overall, this study revealed that Cereclor has higher rejuvenation potential as compared to bitumen-based emulsion and thus it can potentially be used in pavement recycling.

ACS Style

Jamal; Imran Hafeez; Ghulam Yaseen; Ayaz Aziz. Influence of Cereclor on the performance of aged asphalt binder. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2018, 21, 1309 -1320.

AMA Style

Jamal, Imran Hafeez, Ghulam Yaseen, Ayaz Aziz. Influence of Cereclor on the performance of aged asphalt binder. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2018; 21 (11):1309-1320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jamal; Imran Hafeez; Ghulam Yaseen; Ayaz Aziz. 2018. "Influence of Cereclor on the performance of aged asphalt binder." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, no. 11: 1309-1320.