Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with diabetes mellitus (DM) was discussed controversially. Few researchers reviewed the association of these two common morbid disorders. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between AD and DM. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed including Epub and ahead of print (198 articles identified) and Cochrane (13 articles) databases. The searching engine was set to include case-control, prospective and retrospective cohorts, and cross-sectional studies from the first published up to February 12, 2021. Two hundred and eleven were identified, eighteen full texts were screened; of them, six were included in the final meta-analysis. The keywords used were AD, diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. A datasheet was used to record the author's name, year of publication, country and type of the studies, number of events, and total number in the two arms (patients and controls). Results: Out of the 211 references identified, six studies were pooled to test the association between diabetes mellitus and AD. The studies showed that AD is lower among patients with DM, odds ratio, 0.69, 95% CI, and 0.67-0.72. No heterogeneity was observed (Chi-Square, 4.12, degree of freedom (df.)= 5, and I² = 0%, P-value), 0.53 and P-value for overall effect, <0.001. The included studies were published in Europe (five) and Canada (one study) and included 162,882 patients and 12,164 events, four of the studied articles were case-control studies, one retrospective, and one cross-sectional. Conclusion: AD was lower among patients with DM compared to their counterparts without the disease. Further studies focusing on the genetic and environmental factors linking AD and diabetes are needed.

Background: Laparoscopic (LCS) and robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RACS) are commonly utilized minimally invasive procedures for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their comparative effectiveness remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined short-term outcomes between LCS and RACS to support clinical decision-making. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Web of Science was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) principles. Fifteen studies (n=15) comparing LCS and RACS in CRC patients were included. Primary outcomes were operation time and hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes post-operative complications. Data were pooled using random-effects models, with heterogeneity measured via I² statistics. Results: Concerning operative Time, RACS required considerably longer operations than LCS (SMD: -0.68, 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.28; I²=92.6%). RACS revealed a small but substantial reduction in LOS (SMD: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.11–0.48; I²=96%). LCS had fewer overall complications (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.97), including decreased anastomotic leak (RR: 0.80) and readmission rates (RR: 0.87). RACS was consistently more expensive, with 50% greater costs in some studies. Conclusions: LCS is the standard minimally invasive method due to its shorter surgical times, lower costs, and comparable—or superior—safety profile. RACS may assist specific patients (e.g., difficult pelvic dissections) but lacks wide advantages to support frequent use. Further randomized trials are needed to identify their ideal role.

Particularly in colorectal surgery. Despite growing evidence supporting microbiome modulation in clinical practice, little is known about colorectal surgeons' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding gut microbiome counseling. This study aimed to assess colorectal surgeons’ awareness and integration of microbiome-related counseling in patient management. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 150 colorectal surgeons across multiple hospitals and surgical centers. Participants were recruited using a nonrandomized convenience sampling method. Data were collected via a structured, self-administered questionnaire, assessing: Demographic and professional characteristics, Knowledge of the gut microbiome and its clinical implications, Attitudes toward gut microbiome counseling and Current practices related to microbiome counseling Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression to determine associations between demographic variables and KAP scores. Results: Among the 150 colorectal surgeons, 72.7% were male, and 44.7% were aged 40–49 years. Overall, 43.3% demonstrated good knowledge of gut microbiota, while 39.3% had average knowledge, and 17.3% exhibited poor knowledge. Only 54.0% were aware of probiotics’ role in postoperative infection prevention. Regarding attitudes, 44.0% of participants maintained a neutral stance on microbiome counseling, while 28.0% held a positive attitude, and 28.0% had a negative attitude. In terms of clinical practices, only 41.3% of surgeons routinely discussed gut microbiota with patients, and 35.3% recommended probiotics after antibiotic use. Public hospital surgeons were more likely to recommend probiotics (p = 0.03), and prior microbiome training was significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study reveals substantial gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding gut microbiome counseling among colorectal surgeons. Although many surgeons recognize the importance of microbiota, this awareness is not consistently reflected in clinical practice. The findings highlight the need for targeted microbiome-related education and training to improve surgeons' confidence in patient counseling. Integrating microbiome-focused continuing medical education (CME) programs and updated clinical guidelines could enhance patient care by promoting microbiome-informed surgical decision-making.