This article discusses the current problem of industrial waste disposal and its use in the production of building materials, which corresponds to the global concept of sustainable development. Attention is mainly paid to the development of a gruntosilicate composite (concrete) based on a mineral slag binder using drilling sludge from the mining industry, ashes from thermal power plants and electrothermophosphoric slag. Physico-chemical studies of man-made raw materials have been carried out, including analysis of chemical and mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, radiation safety and other parameters. It has been established that drilling mud, thermal power plant ash and electrothermophosphoric slag meet the requirements for use in building materials and belong to non-hazardous waste. The optimal ratios of the components in the composition of gruntosilicate concrete have been experimentally determined. The highest compressive strength (3.0–3.5 MPa) is achieved with a drilling mud content of 15–23% and a mineral slag binder of 10–20%. It is shown that the introduction of these wastes improves the structure of the material, reduces shrinkage deformations and ensures compliance with the requirements of road surfaces of the II–III classes. The use of industrial waste in construction will reduce the cost of raw materials by approximately 10–30%, reduce the environmental burden and solve the problem of waste disposal. The results of the study demonstrate the prospects of creating a waste-processing industry capable of processing up to 40% of industrial waste into building materials.

This article explores the use of waste from polymetallic combines in South Kazakhstan, specifically tailings from the Achisay and Ansay deposits, as aggregates (crushed stone, sand) and mineral additives (dispersed barite powder) for producing concrete with specified operational properties. These secondary raw materials are now abundant in relation to their use, which makes them an affordable and accessible alternative for the manufacturing of concrete while also promoting environmental sustainability. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy of enriched barite ores in these tailings revealed valuable components, such as calcite, quartzite, and dolomite, suitable for use as aggregates and mineral additives. The calcite and quartzite content in the Ansay samples exceeds that in the Achisay samples. Concrete mixes with various proportions of crushed stone and sand from these tailings were prepared, and their working characteristics were analyzed. The impacts of filler content and grain composition on the characteristics of concrete mixtures were identified, and the requirements for optimizing aggregate grain composition to produce heavy concrete with desired qualities were determined. Heavy concrete with densities from 2300 to 2839 kg/m³ and compressive strengths from 41.6 to 58.2 MPa was developed. Physical and mechanical properties, including density, water absorption, frost resistance, and compressive strength, were also evaluated, confirming the feasibility of using technogenic waste in composite heavy concrete production.

At present, the primary objective of the road construction industry is to increase the service life of road pavements by implementing innovative technologies that meet modern standards of operational reliability. The key advantages of bitumen emulsions were analyzed, including improved adhesion and cohesion, environmental safety, resistance to water exposure, rapid curing and opening to traffic, applicability under cold conditions, as well as enhanced stability and durability. The research findings confirm the benefits of using bitumen emulsions in road construction, contributing to high-quality and long-lasting pavement performance. Studies were conducted on the modification of petroleum bitumen. The additional incorporation of Kulantau vermiculite into the composition enhances and stabilizes adhesion across a wide range of ambient humidity and temperature conditions. The adhesion process can be regarded as the adsorption of bitumen emulsion on the surface of mineral aggregates. Adsorption occurs through intermolecular interactions, and adhesion is improved by strengthening these interactions, which is achieved by increasing the activity of the bitumen emulsion through the introduction of additives with active functional groups. It was found that incorporating secondary polyethylene and Kulantau vermiculite into asphalt concrete leads to a noticeable decrease in the air void content. This reduction enhances the material’s resistance to moisture and freeze-thaw cycles.