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Globally, breast cancer (BC) is leading at the top of women's diseases and, as a multifactorial disease, there is the need for the development of new approaches to aid clinicians on monitoring BC treatments. In this sense, metabolomic studies have become an essential tool allowing the establishment of interdependency among metabolites in biological samples. The combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–qMS) based metabolomic analyses of urine and breast tissue samples from BC patients and cancer-free individuals was used. Multivariate statistical tools were used in order to obtain a panel of metabolites that could discriminate malignant from healthy status assisting in the diagnostic field. Urine samples (n = 30), cancer tissues (n = 30) were collected from BC patients, cancer-free tissues were resected outside the tumor margin from the same donors (n = 30) while cancer-free urine samples (n = 40) where obtained from healthy subjects and analysed by NMR and GC–qMS methodologies. The orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis model showed a clear separation between BC patients and cancer-free subjects for both classes of samples. Specifically, for urine samples, the goodness of fit (R2Y) and predictive ability (Q2) was 0.946 and 0.910, respectively, whereas for tissue was 0.888 and 0.813, revealing a good predictable accuracy. The discrimination efficiency and accuracy of tissue and urine metabolites was ascertained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis that allowed the identification of metabolites with high sensitivity and specificity. The metabolomic pathway analysis identified several dysregulated pathways in BC, including those related with lactate, valine, aspartate and glutamine metabolism. Additionally, correlations between urine and tissue metabolites were investigated and five metabolites (e.g. acetone, 3-hexanone, 4-heptanone, 2-methyl-5-(methylthio)-furan and acetate) were found to be significant using a dual platform approach. Overall, this study suggests that an improved metabolic profile combining NMR and GC–qMS may be useful to achieve more insights regarding the mechanisms underlying cancer.
Catarina Luís Silva; Rosa Perestrelo; Filipa Capelinha; Helena Tomás; José S. Câmara. An integrative approach based on GC–qMS and NMR metabolomics data as a comprehensive strategy to search potential breast cancer biomarkers. Metabolomics 2021, 17, 1 -11.
AMA StyleCatarina Luís Silva, Rosa Perestrelo, Filipa Capelinha, Helena Tomás, José S. Câmara. An integrative approach based on GC–qMS and NMR metabolomics data as a comprehensive strategy to search potential breast cancer biomarkers. Metabolomics. 2021; 17 (8):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatarina Luís Silva; Rosa Perestrelo; Filipa Capelinha; Helena Tomás; José S. Câmara. 2021. "An integrative approach based on GC–qMS and NMR metabolomics data as a comprehensive strategy to search potential breast cancer biomarkers." Metabolomics 17, no. 8: 1-11.
In this study, the health-promoting benefits of different fruits grown in Madeira Island, namely lemon (Citrus limon var. eureka), tangerine (Citrus reticulata var. setubalense), pitanga (Eugenia uniflora var. red), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. gordal) and uva-da-serra, an endemic blueberry (Vaccinium padifolium Sm.), were investigated. The phenolic composition (total phenolics and total flavonoids content) and antioxidant capacity (assessed through ABTS and DPPH assays) were measured revealing a high phenolic potential for all fruits, except tomato, while uva-da-serra is particularly rich in flavonoids. In relation to the antioxidant capacity, the highest values were obtained for pitanga and uva-da-serra extracts. The bioactive potential was also assessed through the ability of the extracts to inhibit digestive enzymes linked to diabetes (α-amylase, α- and β-glucosidases) and hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE). The results obtained point to a very high bioactive potential with the selected samples exhibiting very important ACE anti-enzymatic capacities. A statistical analysis of the obtained data reveals a very strong correlation between ABTS and TPC, and a strong contribution of the fruit polyphenols for enzyme inhibition, and thus, presenting high antihypertensive and antidiabetic capacities. Overall, the results obtained clearly show a high bioactive potential of the selected fruits that should be further studied, in terms of specific phenolic composition. Moreover, these results strongly support the valorisation of pitanga seeds usually discarded as a waste, and uva-da-serra, an endemic and wild bush, as potential bioresources of bioactive compounds with impact in human diet.
José Figueira; Priscilla Porto-Figueira; Cristina Berenguer; Jorge Pereira; José Câmara. Evaluation of the Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Fruits. Molecules 2021, 26, 4202 .
AMA StyleJosé Figueira, Priscilla Porto-Figueira, Cristina Berenguer, Jorge Pereira, José Câmara. Evaluation of the Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Fruits. Molecules. 2021; 26 (14):4202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Figueira; Priscilla Porto-Figueira; Cristina Berenguer; Jorge Pereira; José Câmara. 2021. "Evaluation of the Health-Promoting Properties of Selected Fruits." Molecules 26, no. 14: 4202.
Sugarcane honey (SCH) is a syrup produced on Madeira Island and recognized by its unique aroma, a complex attribute of quality with an important influence on the final consumer’s acceptance of the product, and determined by a complex mixture of a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during its traditional making process and storage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the volatile profile of genuine SCH produced by a regional certified producer for seven years and compare it with syrups from non-certified regional producers and with producers from different geographical regions (Spain, Egypt, Brazil and Australia), as a powerful strategy to define the volatomic fingerprint of SCH. Different volatile profiles were recognized for all samples, with 166 VOCs being identified belonging to different chemical classes, including furans, ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and alcohols. Chemometric analysis allowed (i) the differentiation between all syrups, being more pronounced between SCH and other syrups; and (ii) the identification of 32 VOCs as potential markers for the traceability and authenticity of SCH on the global market.
Pedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando Nunes; José Câmara. A Predictive Strategy Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis for Traceability and Authenticity of Sugarcane Honey on the Global Market. Foods 2021, 10, 1559 .
AMA StylePedro Silva, Jorge Freitas, Fernando Nunes, José Câmara. A Predictive Strategy Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis for Traceability and Authenticity of Sugarcane Honey on the Global Market. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1559.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando Nunes; José Câmara. 2021. "A Predictive Strategy Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis for Traceability and Authenticity of Sugarcane Honey on the Global Market." Foods 10, no. 7: 1559.
Uveira-da-serra (Vaccinium padifolium Sm) is a native blueberry from Madeira Island (Portugal). In this study, the free low-molecular weight phenolic composition of Vaccinium padifolium berries (uva-da-serra - UdS), was established using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) strategy combined with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-MSMS). Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were also evaluated. Twenty-six phenolic compounds were identified in the UdS, being chlorogenic acid (17.4 mg/g DW), epigallocatechin (2.33 mg/g DW), caffeic acid (0.66 mg/g DW), quercetin-3-glucoside (0.38 mg/g DW) and myricetin (0.33 mg/g DW) the predominant compounds. As far we are aware, this is the first time that the free low molecular weight phenolic composition of Vaccinium padifolium Sm is characterized, also unveiling (-)epigallocatechin gallate, o-coumaric acid and m-coumaric acids presence in a Vaccinium specie. TPC (3021.8 mg GAE/100g DW), TFC (2645.2 mg QE/100g DW), DPPH (20509.0 µmol TE/g DW), ORAC (18510.0 µmol TE/g DW) and ABTS (19338.0 µmol TE/g DW) suggest a high antioxidant potential which is to health benefits including on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease prevention, , making UdS a useful biosource with potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
José A. Figueira; Priscilla Porto-Figueira; Jorge A. M. Pereira; José S. Câmara. Free low-molecular weight phenolics composition and bioactivity of Vaccinium padifolium Sm fruits. Food Research International 2021, 148, 110580 .
AMA StyleJosé A. Figueira, Priscilla Porto-Figueira, Jorge A. M. Pereira, José S. Câmara. Free low-molecular weight phenolics composition and bioactivity of Vaccinium padifolium Sm fruits. Food Research International. 2021; 148 ():110580.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé A. Figueira; Priscilla Porto-Figueira; Jorge A. M. Pereira; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Free low-molecular weight phenolics composition and bioactivity of Vaccinium padifolium Sm fruits." Food Research International 148, no. : 110580.
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.
Catarina Luís; Manuel Algarra; José Câmara; Rosa Perestrelo. Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches. Toxics 2021, 9, 157 .
AMA StyleCatarina Luís, Manuel Algarra, José Câmara, Rosa Perestrelo. Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches. Toxics. 2021; 9 (7):157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatarina Luís; Manuel Algarra; José Câmara; Rosa Perestrelo. 2021. "Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches." Toxics 9, no. 7: 157.
Sugarcane honey (SCH) is a syrup from Madeira Island recognized by its unique and excellent aroma, associated to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during the well-defined five stages of its traditional making process. The establishment of volatile profile throughout all SCH-making stages during four years, allowed the evaluation of the influence of each stage in the typical characterisitcs of SCH. One hundred eighthy seven VOCs were identified, being associated to several origins and formation pathways. VOCs formed during stage 1 and 2 were originate from raw material, and its oxidation (i.e. enzymatic browning) and thermal degradation (i.e. lipid oxidation, Maillard reactions, Strecker degradation). In stage 3 and 4, the caramelization and melanoidin degradation also occurred, while in stage 5, the thermal degradation continues, followed by microbial activity. Chemometric analysis allowed to identify 35 VOCs as potential markers for processing control by the producers and as guarantee of the typicality and authenticity of SCH. Based on the obtained results, we propose for the first time an innovative schematic diagram explaining the potential reactions and pathways for VOCs formation during the different steps of the SCH production.
Pedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando M. Nunes; José S. Câmara. Effect of processing and storage on the volatile profile of sugarcane honey: A four-year study. Food Chemistry 2021, 365, 130457 .
AMA StylePedro Silva, Jorge Freitas, Fernando M. Nunes, José S. Câmara. Effect of processing and storage on the volatile profile of sugarcane honey: A four-year study. Food Chemistry. 2021; 365 ():130457.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando M. Nunes; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Effect of processing and storage on the volatile profile of sugarcane honey: A four-year study." Food Chemistry 365, no. : 130457.
Some chemical substances have the potential to enter the coastal and marine environment and cause adverse effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and human health. For a large majority of them, their fate and effects are poorly understood as well as their use still unregulated. Finding effective and sustainable strategies for the identification of these emerging and/or anthropogenic contaminants that might cause polluting effects in marine environments to mitigate their adverse effects, is of utmost importance and a great challenge for managers, regulators and researchers. In this review we will evaluate the impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) on marine coastal zones namely in their ecosystems and biodiversity, highlighting the potential risks of organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Emerging microextraction techniques and high-resolution analytical platforms used in isolation, identification and quantification of ECs will be also reviewed.
José Câmara; Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda; Jorge Freitas; Rayco Guedes-Alonso; Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera; Rosa Perestrelo. Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches. Separations 2021, 8, 95 .
AMA StyleJosé Câmara, Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda, Jorge Freitas, Rayco Guedes-Alonso, Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera, Rosa Perestrelo. Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches. Separations. 2021; 8 (7):95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Câmara; Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda; Jorge Freitas; Rayco Guedes-Alonso; Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera; Rosa Perestrelo. 2021. "Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches." Separations 8, no. 7: 95.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying and exploring the potential health benefits of foods, mainly from vegetables and fruits from regular intake. The presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, carotenoids and terpenes, in certain food matrices seems to contribute to their functional properties, expressed through an increased prevention in the development of certain chronic diseases, namely coronary heart diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and diabetes. However, some foods’ volatile secondary metabolites also present important bioactive properties, although this is a poorly scientifically explored field. In this context, and in order to explore the potential bioactivity of volatile metabolites in different vegetables and fruits from regular consumption, the volatile composition was established using a green extraction technique, solid phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 320 volatile metabolites, comprising 51 terpenic compounds, 45 organosulfur compounds, 31 aldehydes, 37 esters, 29 ketones, 28 alcohols, 23 furanic compounds, 22 hydrocarbons, 19 benzene compounds, 13 nitrogenous compounds, 9 carboxylic acids, 7 ethers, 4 halogenated compounds and 3 naphthalene derivatives, were positively identified. Each investigated fruit and vegetable showed a specific volatile metabolomic profile. The obtained results revealed that terpenic compounds, to which are associated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, are the most predominant chemical family in beetroot (61%), orange carrot (58%) and white carrot (61%), while organosulfur compounds (antiviral activity) are dominant in onion, garlic and watercress. Broccoli and spinach are essentially constituted by alcohols and aldehydes (enzyme-inhibition and antimicrobial properties), while fruits from the Solanaceae family are characterized by esters in tamarillo and aldehydes in tomato.
Joselin Aguiar; João Gonçalves; Vera Alves; José Câmara. Relationship between Volatile Composition and Bioactive Potential of Vegetables and Fruits of Regular Consumption—An Integrative Approach. Molecules 2021, 26, 3653 .
AMA StyleJoselin Aguiar, João Gonçalves, Vera Alves, José Câmara. Relationship between Volatile Composition and Bioactive Potential of Vegetables and Fruits of Regular Consumption—An Integrative Approach. Molecules. 2021; 26 (12):3653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoselin Aguiar; João Gonçalves; Vera Alves; José Câmara. 2021. "Relationship between Volatile Composition and Bioactive Potential of Vegetables and Fruits of Regular Consumption—An Integrative Approach." Molecules 26, no. 12: 3653.
For centuries, wine has had a fundamental role in the culture and habits of different civilizations. Amongst numerous wine types that involve specific winemaking processes, fortified wines possess an added value and are greatly honored worldwide. This review comprises the description of the most important characteristics of the main worldwide fortified wines—Madeira, Port, Sherry, Muscat, and Vermouth—structured in three parts. The first part briefly describes the chemistry of wine flavor, the origin of typical aroma (primary, secondary and tertiary), and the influencing parameters during the winemaking process. The second part describes some specificities of worldwide fortified wine, highlighting the volatile composition with particular emphasis on aroma compounds. The third part reports the volatile composition of the most important fortified wines, including the principal characteristics, vinification process, the evolution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the aging processes, and the most important odor descriptors. Given the worldwide popularity and the economic relevance of fortified wines, much research should be done to better understand accurately the reactions and mechanisms that occur in different stages of winemaking, mainly during the oxidative and thermal aging.
Teresa Abreu; Rosa Perestrelo; Matteo Bordiga; Monica Locatelli; Jean Daniel Coïsson; José Câmara. The Flavor Chemistry of Fortified Wines—A Comprehensive Approach. Foods 2021, 10, 1239 .
AMA StyleTeresa Abreu, Rosa Perestrelo, Matteo Bordiga, Monica Locatelli, Jean Daniel Coïsson, José Câmara. The Flavor Chemistry of Fortified Wines—A Comprehensive Approach. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeresa Abreu; Rosa Perestrelo; Matteo Bordiga; Monica Locatelli; Jean Daniel Coïsson; José Câmara. 2021. "The Flavor Chemistry of Fortified Wines—A Comprehensive Approach." Foods 10, no. 6: 1239.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular alternatives to traditional tobacco. Despite this, a comprehensive evaluation of their long-term effects and safety for the consumers and the environment is missing. To contribute to filling this gap, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS) was employed to establish and compare the volatile fingerprints of traditional tobacco and e-cigarettes. The analysis of traditional tobacco included two popular brands and different parts of the cigarette (solid tobacco, cigarette smoke, cigarette paper and filter). Regarding the e-cigarettes, two e-liquids, with and without nicotine, their main constituents (e-bases) and corresponding vapours, obtained under default vaping (power) conditions, were analysed. A total of 80 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in traditional tobacco, of which 14 carbonyl compounds, 9 benzene derivatives, 9 ethyl esters and 9 hydrocarbons. Slight differences in the volatile profile of cigarette paper and filter between the two brands were also detected, showing that exogenous components of tobacco influence the flavour and harmfulness perceived by the smokers. In turn, 92 VOCs were identified in e-cigarettes, including 31 ethyl esters, 18 alcohols and 10 hydrocarbons. No VOCs with potentially toxic or harmful effects were identified in the vapour of Do It Yourself (DIY) liquids and Premium samples. Therefore, taking into consideration the volatile compositions obtained for smoking and vaping procedures under normal conditions of operation and using certified e-liquid mixtures, the e-cigarettes analysed seemed to constitute a valid and less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco for smokers, second-hand smokers and the environment.
Cristina Berenguer; Jorge A.M. Pereira; José S. Câmara. Fingerprinting the volatile profile of traditional tobacco and e-cigarettes: A comparative study. Microchemical Journal 2021, 166, 106196 .
AMA StyleCristina Berenguer, Jorge A.M. Pereira, José S. Câmara. Fingerprinting the volatile profile of traditional tobacco and e-cigarettes: A comparative study. Microchemical Journal. 2021; 166 ():106196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Berenguer; Jorge A.M. Pereira; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Fingerprinting the volatile profile of traditional tobacco and e-cigarettes: A comparative study." Microchemical Journal 166, no. : 106196.
Sugarcane (SC) is a perennial grass widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. However, its cultivation in Europe is residual, where Madeira Island, Portugal, is the only region where SC continues to be extensively cultivated. For the first time, the volatile profiles of regional cultivars were established by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Different volatile profiles for each cultivar were recognized, identifying 260 volatile organic compounds belonging to 15 chemical classes, such as aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, esters, and terpenes. Chemometric analysis procedure, namely, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, principal component analysis, partial least-square analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, allowed the differentiation between all regional cultivars. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of biodiversity and subsistence of the SC industry in Europe. Furthermore, it is also a valuable contribution to establish the typicality of traditional SC-based products, such as SC honey.
Pedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando M. Nunes; José S. Câmara. Chemical Differentiation of Sugarcane Cultivars Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2021, 69, 3548 -3558.
AMA StylePedro Silva, Jorge Freitas, Fernando M. Nunes, José S. Câmara. Chemical Differentiation of Sugarcane Cultivars Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2021; 69 (11):3548-3558.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Silva; Jorge Freitas; Fernando M. Nunes; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Chemical Differentiation of Sugarcane Cultivars Based on Volatile Profile and Chemometric Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69, no. 11: 3548-3558.
The Quality Index Method (QIM) is a widely used approach for fish sensory grading, based on a structured scaling for freshness measurements, providing information concerning the fish freshness status, as a prediction of the remaining shelf-life for specific species or products. However, its tendency to be used in an oversimplified way and other common misapplications could lead to discredit of a methodology with great potential. Review the principles of QIM methodology, discussing its concept, applications, and understand their limits, as a useful strategy to propose improvements, reinforce its predictive power and consequent acceptability. Key findings and conclusions: QIM methodology is based on a compromise between the number of fish samples necessary and the number of attributes, with sensory relevance in fish spoilage, that allows verifying if quality requirements are fulfilled. However, the assumptions inherent to the method, undermine the reliability of the shelf-life predictions. Determination of the variability associated with assessors, product, and correct structure of datasets for statistical analysis, will improve the predictive power of the method. However, it could lead to an increase in the method complexity that would drive it away from the industry's needs for fast and easily implemented methods.
Jorge Freitas; Paulo Vaz-Pires; José S. Câmara. Quality Index Method for fish quality control: Understanding the applications, the appointed limits and the upcoming trends. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2021, 111, 333 -345.
AMA StyleJorge Freitas, Paulo Vaz-Pires, José S. Câmara. Quality Index Method for fish quality control: Understanding the applications, the appointed limits and the upcoming trends. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021; 111 ():333-345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Freitas; Paulo Vaz-Pires; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Quality Index Method for fish quality control: Understanding the applications, the appointed limits and the upcoming trends." Trends in Food Science & Technology 111, no. : 333-345.
The presence of pesticide residues in animal tissues is a source of public awareness and health concerns. Therefore, to guarantee appropriate food safety and to enforce regulations, efficient, cost-effective and sensitive analytical methods are needed. This study set out to develop and validate a reliable and high-throughput analytical approach for the simultaneous determination of N-methyl carbamates (NMCs) in different parts of pork tissues (kidney, liver and muscle). An innovative sample preparation strategy based on ultrasound assisted QuEChERS extraction (UAE-QuEChERS), instead of manual agitation as original QuEChERS, was evaluated. The NMC insecticides were extracted with acidified (1% acetic acid, v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) and determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) after automatic post column derivatization and impurities removal through dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE). The separation of NMCs was carried out in a C8 column using H2O:ACN (90:10, v/v) and H2O:ACN (20:80, v/v) as mobile phases. The method showed a good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.991), with recoveries generally between 68.6 and 119%. Method limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.1 to 2 μg/kg, and method limits of quantification (LOQ) from 0.4 to 6 μg/kg, are satisfactory in terms of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for NMCs. Suitable intra- and inter-day variations (RSD <12%) and low matrix effects were observed with sample-to-sample variation, for all assayed pork tissues. The utility of the method for implementation in regulatory and food laboratories was demonstrated by its application to the analysis of NMC insecticides in commercial pork tissues. In all cases, NMC residues were not present at concentrations above the LOQ determined for each type of pork tissue.
João F. Sousa; João N. Barros; Paulo Fernandes; Rosa Perestrelo; José S. Câmara. Simultaneous determination of N-methyl carbamate residues in pork tissues based on ultrasound assisted QuEChERS-dSPE extraction followed by reversed phase LC-FLD analysis. LWT 2021, 144, 111199 .
AMA StyleJoão F. Sousa, João N. Barros, Paulo Fernandes, Rosa Perestrelo, José S. Câmara. Simultaneous determination of N-methyl carbamate residues in pork tissues based on ultrasound assisted QuEChERS-dSPE extraction followed by reversed phase LC-FLD analysis. LWT. 2021; 144 ():111199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão F. Sousa; João N. Barros; Paulo Fernandes; Rosa Perestrelo; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Simultaneous determination of N-methyl carbamate residues in pork tissues based on ultrasound assisted QuEChERS-dSPE extraction followed by reversed phase LC-FLD analysis." LWT 144, no. : 111199.
Phthalates are multifunctional synthetic chemicals found in a wide array of consumer and industrial products, mainly used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics, giving them flexibility and softness. In the European Union, phthalates are prohibited at levels greater than 0.1% by weight in most food packaging. In the current study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized, through the multivariate optimization process, and validated to evaluate the occurrence of four common phthalates, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl (BDE), in different food packaging. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 80 °C for 30 min. The validated method showed good linearity, precision (RSD < 13%), and recoveries (90.2 to 111%). The limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 µg/L and from 0.10 to 0.24 µg/L, respectively. On average, the phthalates concentration varied largely among the assayed food packaging. DIBP was the most predominant phthalate in terms of occurrence (71.4% of analyzed simples) and concentration (from 3.61 to 10.7 μg/L). BBP was quantified in only one sample and BDE was detected in trace amounts (
Rosa Perestrelo; Catarina Silva; Manuel Algarra; José Câmara. Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2130 .
AMA StyleRosa Perestrelo, Catarina Silva, Manuel Algarra, José Câmara. Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosa Perestrelo; Catarina Silva; Manuel Algarra; José Câmara. 2021. "Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2130.
The innovation of the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market requires the rapid identification of new substances that can be a risk to public health, in order to reduce the damage from their use. Twelve seized products suspected to contain illicit substances were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Synthetic cathinones (SCat) were found in all products, either as a single component or in mixtures. Infrared spectra of all products were consistent with the molecular structure of SCat, showing an intense absorption band at 1700–1674 cm−1, corresponding to the carbonyl stretching, a medium/strong peak at 1605–1580 cm−1, indicating stretching vibrations in the aromatic ring (C=C) and bands with relative low intensity at frequencies near 2700–2400 cm−1, corresponding to an amine salt. It was possible to identify a total of eight cathinone derivatives by GC-MS and NMR analysis: 4′-methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP), α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP), 3-fluoromethcathinone (3-FMC), methedrone, methylone, buphedrone, N-ethylcathinone, and pentedrone. Among the adulterants found in these samples, caffeine was the most frequently detected substance, followed by ethylphenidate. These results highlight the prevalence of SCat in seized materials of the Portuguese market. Reference standards are usually required for confirmation, but when reference materials are not available, the combination of complementary techniques is fundamental for a rapid and an unequivocal identification of such substances.
João Gonçalves; Vera Alves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria Caldeira; Helena Teixeira; José Câmara. Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives Using High Resolution Analytical Techniques. Metabolites 2021, 11, 144 .
AMA StyleJoão Gonçalves, Vera Alves, Joselin Aguiar, Maria Caldeira, Helena Teixeira, José Câmara. Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives Using High Resolution Analytical Techniques. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (3):144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Gonçalves; Vera Alves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria Caldeira; Helena Teixeira; José Câmara. 2021. "Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives Using High Resolution Analytical Techniques." Metabolites 11, no. 3: 144.
The popularity of new psychoactive substances among drug users has become a public health concern worldwide. Among them, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represent the largest, most diversified and fastest growing group. Commonly known as ‘synthetic marijuana’ as an alternative to cannabis, these synthetic compounds are easily accessible via the internet and are sold as ‘herbal incenses’ under different brand names with no information about the chemical composition. In the present work, we aim to integrate gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data as useful strategy for the identification and confirmation of synthetic cannabinoids present in nine seized herbal incenses. The analysis of all samples allowed the initial identification of 9 SCs, namely 5 napthoylindoles (JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-122, JWH-210, MAM-2201), APINACA, XLR-11 and CP47,497-C8 and its enantiomer. JWH-018 was the most frequently detected synthetic compound (8 of 9 samples), while APINACA and XLR-11 were only identified in one herbal product. Other non-cannabinoid drugs, including oleamide, vitamin E and vitamin E acetate, have also been detected. Oleamide and vitamin E are two adulterants, frequently added to herbal products to mask the active ingredients or added as preservatives. However, to our knowledge, no analytical data about vitamin E acetate was reported in herbal products, being the first time that this compound is identified on this type of samples. The integration data obtained from the used analytical technologies proved to be useful, allowing the preliminary identification of the different SCs in the mixture. Furthermore, the examination of mass spectral fragment ions, as well as the results of both 1D and 2D NMR experiments, enabled the identification and confirmation of the molecular structure of SCs.
Vera L. Alves; João L. Gonçalves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria J. Caldeira; Helena M. Teixeira; José S. Câmara. Highly sensitive screening and analytical characterization of synthetic cannabinoids in nine different herbal mixtures. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2021, 413, 2257 -2273.
AMA StyleVera L. Alves, João L. Gonçalves, Joselin Aguiar, Maria J. Caldeira, Helena M. Teixeira, José S. Câmara. Highly sensitive screening and analytical characterization of synthetic cannabinoids in nine different herbal mixtures. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2021; 413 (8):2257-2273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera L. Alves; João L. Gonçalves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria J. Caldeira; Helena M. Teixeira; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Highly sensitive screening and analytical characterization of synthetic cannabinoids in nine different herbal mixtures." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 8: 2257-2273.
Tropical fruits are a rich source of phenolic compounds which are favorable in defending the human body against damage induced by free radicals (e.g., ROS, RNS). In the current work, a high throughput analytical approach based on a simple extraction procedure (QuEChERS-dSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn) was used to establish the phenolic profile of tropical fruits. The proposed method showed good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.991), precision (RSD < 8 %), as well as low limits of detection (LOD ≤ 19.7 μg/L) and quantification (LOQ ≤ 65.8 μg/L). Thirty-four phenolic compounds were identified as belonging to different chemical groups, from which only 6 were common to all tropical fruits. Pitanga showed the highest relative phenolic concentration (99.5 mg/100 g of fruit), with the passion fruit (17.5 mg/100 g of fruit) the lowest. Flavonols were the most predominant chemical group in tropical fruits, representing 77.9, 60.1, and 55.8% of the phenolic composition of pitanga, passion fruit and mango, respectively. The data obtained allow deep and comprehensive insights into the phenolic composition of tropical fruits in order to explore its potential bioactive activity. Nevertheless, in vivo assays using fruit extracts will be essential to recognize their potential health-promoting properties.
Catarina Silva; José S. Câmara; Rosa Perestrelo. A high-throughput analytical strategy based on QuEChERS-dSPE/HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn to establish the phenolic profile of tropical fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2021, 98, 103844 .
AMA StyleCatarina Silva, José S. Câmara, Rosa Perestrelo. A high-throughput analytical strategy based on QuEChERS-dSPE/HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn to establish the phenolic profile of tropical fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2021; 98 ():103844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatarina Silva; José S. Câmara; Rosa Perestrelo. 2021. "A high-throughput analytical strategy based on QuEChERS-dSPE/HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn to establish the phenolic profile of tropical fruits." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 98, no. : 103844.
The innovation of the new psychoactive substances (NPS) market requires the rapid identification of new substances that can be a risk to public health, in order to reduce the damage due to their use. Twelve seized products suspected to contain illicit substances were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Synthetic cathinones (SCat) were found in all products, either as a single component or in mixtures. Infrared spectra of all products were consistent with the molecular structure of SCat, showing an intense absorption band at 1700–1674 cm‐1, corresponding to the carbonyl stretching, a medium/strong peak at 1605-1580 cm-1, indicating stretching vibrations in the aromatic ring (C=C) and bands with relative low intensity at frequencies near 2700–2400 cm-1, corresponding to an amine salt. It was possible to identify a total of eight cathinone derivatives by GC-MS and NMR analysis: 4’-methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP), α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP), 3-fluoromethcathinone (3-FMC), methedrone, methylone, buphedrone, N-ethylcathinone, and pentedrone. Among the adulterants found in these samples, caffeine was the most frequently detected substance, followed by ethylphenidate. These results highlight the prevalence of SCat in seized materials of the Portuguese market. Reference standards are usually required for confirmation, but when reference materials are not available, the combination of complementary techniques is fundamental for a rapid and an unequivocal identification of such substances.
João Gonçalves; Vera L. Alves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria Caldeira; Helena Teixeira; José S. Câmara. Metabolite Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives through High Resolution Analytical Techniques. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJoão Gonçalves, Vera L. Alves, Joselin Aguiar, Maria Caldeira, Helena Teixeira, José S. Câmara. Metabolite Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives through High Resolution Analytical Techniques. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Gonçalves; Vera L. Alves; Joselin Aguiar; Maria Caldeira; Helena Teixeira; José S. Câmara. 2021. "Metabolite Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives through High Resolution Analytical Techniques." , no. : 1.
Altered lipid metabolism has been associated with the progression of various cancers, and aberrant expression of enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism has been detected in different stages of cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the cancer types known to be associated with alterations in the lipid metabolism and overexpression of enzymes involved in this metabolism. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of the activity of certain enzymes, such as that of phospholipase A2 in BC cell lines sensitizes these cells and decreases the IC50 values for forthcoming therapy with traditional drugs, such as doxorubicin and tamoxifen. Moreover, other phospholipases, such as phospholipase C and D, are involved in intracellular signal transduction, which emphasizes their importance in cancer development. Finally, BC is assumed to be dependent on the diet and the composition of lipids in nutrients. Despite their importance, analytical approaches that can associate the activity of phospholipases with changes in the lipid composition and distribution in cancer tissues are not yet standardized. In this review, an overview of various analytical platforms that are applied on the study of lipids and phospholipase activity in BC tissues will be given, as well as their association with cancer diagnosis and tumor progression. The methods that are applied to tissues obtained from the BC patients will be emphasized and critically evaluated, regarding their applicability in oncology.
Rosa Perestrelo; Marijana Petkovic; Catarina Luís Silva. Analytical Platforms for the Determination of Phospholipid Turnover in Breast Cancer Tissue: Role of Phospholipase Activity in Breast Cancer Development. Metabolites 2021, 11, 32 .
AMA StyleRosa Perestrelo, Marijana Petkovic, Catarina Luís Silva. Analytical Platforms for the Determination of Phospholipid Turnover in Breast Cancer Tissue: Role of Phospholipase Activity in Breast Cancer Development. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (1):32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosa Perestrelo; Marijana Petkovic; Catarina Luís Silva. 2021. "Analytical Platforms for the Determination of Phospholipid Turnover in Breast Cancer Tissue: Role of Phospholipase Activity in Breast Cancer Development." Metabolites 11, no. 1: 32.
Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.
José S. Câmara; Bianca R. Albuquerque; Joselin Aguiar; Rúbia C. G. Corrêa; João L. Gonçalves; Daniel Granato; Jorge A. M. Pereira; Lillian Barros; Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study. Foods 2020, 10, 37 .
AMA StyleJosé S. Câmara, Bianca R. Albuquerque, Joselin Aguiar, Rúbia C. G. Corrêa, João L. Gonçalves, Daniel Granato, Jorge A. M. Pereira, Lillian Barros, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study. Foods. 2020; 10 (1):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé S. Câmara; Bianca R. Albuquerque; Joselin Aguiar; Rúbia C. G. Corrêa; João L. Gonçalves; Daniel Granato; Jorge A. M. Pereira; Lillian Barros; Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. 2020. "Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study." Foods 10, no. 1: 37.