Optimal placement problems of electrical devices in power systems have attracted greater attention from researchers in literature. Therefore, in the last 60 years, a wide range of solutions and methodologies have been developed for optimally allocated shunt capacitors, generation sources, switches, transformers, and many other electrical devices in transmission, distribution, and microgrid systems. This large number of methods are paramount to place any electric device with the ability to influence any network parameter. However, this article concentrates on how these works have wrongly impacted the efficiency of the methods developed for the allocation of renewable distributed generation in public distribution networks. To track down this negative impact, a historical literature review of the optimal placement efforts of electric devices in power systems is proposed. Additionally, the existing research works are reviewed from the perspective of their considered device types, design variables, network type, and objective function. Three cumulated shortcomings are identified and discussed. The main aim of this article is to bridge the gap between the efforts developed in the literature and their implementation with renewable generation units and public distribution networks, and also to reorient future works to develop concrete methodologies able to bring benefits for all distribution market actors.

Fault current limiters (FCLs) are promising fault current management measures and one of the most economical solutions to today's electric power systems challenges that could have potential for greater use in power systems. To achieve highest efficiency with lowest cost, several efforts have been proposed in literature to provide the optimal location, number, type, size, and parameters setting of FCL. In this article, the existing research works on FCL integration are reviewed from viewpoint of their used design variables, network structures, FCL types, constraints, protection devices, and objective functions. The main aim of this article is to provide a guide on the available FCL placement works, to aid electrical engineers and researchers.

Vehicular communication based visible light presents an excellent solution to ensure road safety and transportation efficiency in critical environments like tunnels, underground garages, or covered parking lots where traditionally RF solutions cannot provide an efficient communication. In this paper, we propose a new multipath channel model for V2V-VLC in unfavorable situations like in tunnels by using a PSD sensor. The performance of the derived channel model is evaluated using statistical measures based on numerical simulations in terms of channel impulse response, channel DC gain and RMS delay spread to quantify the effects of multipath propagation. Monte Carlo simulation is also used to explore the statistical model obtained for different transmission scenarios. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of various model parameters, such as road width and inter-vehicular distance, on the performance of the V2V channel. The main results are compared with typical Lambertian reflector model to confirm the validity of the proposed model.

In this paper, we explore the use of visible light positioning (VLP) technology in vehicles in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), highlighting its potential for maintaining effective line of sight (LOS) and providing high-accuracy positioning between vehicles. The proposed system (V2V-VLP) is based on a position-sensitive detector (PSD) and exploiting car taillights to determine the position and inter-vehicular distance by angle of arrival (AoA) measurements. The integration of the PSD sensor in vehicles promises exceptional positioning accuracy, opening new prospects for navigation and driving safety. The results revealed that the proposed system enables precise measurement of position and distance between vehicles, including lateral distance. We evaluated the impact of different focal lengths on the system performance, achieving cm-level accuracy for distances up to 35 m, with an optimum focal length of 25 mm, and under low signal-to-noise conditions, which meets the standards required for safe and reliable V2V applications. Several experimental tests were carried out to validate the results of the simulations.

In this paper, an alternative strategy for real-time control of active distribution network voltage is developed, not by controlling the bus voltage as in the various centralized, decentralized, and local approaches presented in literature but rather by only eliminating the impact produced by active and reactive power of distributed generation (DG) units on the voltage of all network nodes and keeping the traditional voltage control systems dealing with the same constraints of passive systems. In literature, voltage deterioration introduced by DGs has been reported as one of the main obstacles for the interconnection of large amounts of DG units to the existing networks. In this paper, the novel control strategy is based on a sensitivity formula developed to calculate the compensation needed for additional distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices to push and pull the exact reactive power and to eliminate the impact produced by DGs on the network voltage profile. The criteria of the allocation of the var devices and the required network reinforcement are developed in this paper, considering all possible topology structures, and an innovative codification method is introduced to reduce the needed computation time and communication data to actualize the sensitivity coefficients and get the proposed control approach flexible with network topology reconfiguration. The risk of the conflict of the proposed control system with the traditional voltage equipment is reduced due to the fast capability of D-FACTS devices to regulate their reactive power in finer granularity. A case study of two meshed IEEE 15-bus feeders is introduced to compare the voltage behavior with and without the presence of DG units and to evaluate the total system losses. The proposed method could be used for the interconnection of the first generation units in emerging networks, which does not yet have an active voltage control strategy, as it could be used for DG units not able to be connected to existing centralized control systems and it could also be used as the principal voltage control strategy, with the extension for several neighboring units and the preservation of the traditional voltage control systems.

Background: This study aimed to develop a nomogram based on the most relevant clinical, CT, and radiomic features comprising 11 key signatures (2 clinical, 2 CT-based, and 7 radiomic) for the non-invasive prediction of the EGFR mutation status and to support the timely initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma. Methods: Retrospective real-world data were collected from 521 patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC adenocarcinoma who underwent CT imaging and either surgical resection or pathological biopsy for EGFR mutation testing. Five Random Forest classification models were developed and trained on various datasets constructed by combining clinical, CT, and radiomic features extracted from CT image regions of interest (ROIs), with and without feature preselection. Results: The model trained exclusively on the most relevant clinical, CT, and radiomic features demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to the other models, with strong discrimination between EGFR-mutant and wild-type cases (AUC = 0.88; macro-average = 0.90; micro-average = 0.89; precision = 0.90; recall = 0.94; F1-score = 0.91; and accuracy = 0.87). Conclusions: A nomogram constructed using a Random Forest model trained solely on the most informative clinical, CT, and radiomic features outperformed alternative approaches in the non-invasive prediction of the EGFR mutation status, offering a promising decision-support tool for precision treatment planning in NSCLC.