Influenced by terrain constraints and urban negative externality in mountain valley areas, the suburban village construction lands are not only occupied by cities, but also face hollow-out and decline. Various complex situations of construction land use should be considered in the rural land transfer and planning. In this study, scenario analysis method is used to propose a research framework of “Scenario construction–Benefit evaluation–Dynamic planning”. In the case of Huazhaizi and Ershilipu villages in Bali, Lanzhou, the construction land use demands are identified initially, and 27 possible development scenarios are designed. Next, thresholds are set to screen out 9 land transfer scenarios, and their respective social and economic benefits are evaluated. Finally, the optimal scenario is obtained based on the benefits, and dynamic planning is carried out with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The results show that the construction of Ershilipu and Huazhaizi villages should be coordinated to achieve the target scenario of Culture-oriented travel, which needs to go through three phases: Family farm renovation, Ecological tourism construction and Cultural tourism construction. From 2025 to 2030, the abandoned residential lands in rural settlements will be consolidated, and 24.89 ha of construction lands near urban areas will be transferred to construct high-rise residential buildings, vegetable processing workshops and family farms. From 2030 to 2035, 14.95 ha of construction lands on both river sides and around settlements should be transferred to build parks and scenic spots, with a view to improving the rural commercial and ecological environments. From 2035 to 2040, 9.93 ha of low-value construction lands inside settlements needs to be transferred to construct cultural tourism projects and tourism service facilities. It is estimated that by the end of planning period, the total revenue will be approximately 3.20 billion yuan. Our research results can provide decision-making reference for the transfer, development direction and use arrangement of suburban village construction lands in mountain valley areas.

In the context of rapid urbanization, traditional villages in the Weibei Loess Plateau gully region are facing compounded pressures from social structure disruption and physical space reconstruction. It is urgent to deeply analyze the influence mechanism of social relations on spatial adaptability. This study attempts to construct an analytical framework that couples social relationships with village spatial development. With Tangjia Village in the gully region of the Weibei Loess Plateau as an example, the study integrated various data sources such as satellite imagery, interviews, and policy documents. Through social network analysis and an improved cascade failure model, the spatial adaptation processes and characteristics based on changes in kinship, occupational ties, and geographical networks were explored. The findings indicate that (1) before 2001, kinship networks led to the formation of a monocentric settlement structure. From 2001 to 2011, occupational ties fostered the differentiation of industrial and residential zones. After 2011, geographical networks drove the multifunctional integration of space. (2) Clan-based settlement zones (consisting of 80 kinship nodes) and core cultural tourism facilities are key units in maintaining spatial adaptability. The research reveals the impact mechanism of social network fission on spatial function reorganization and proposes adaptive planning strategies, aiming to provide theoretical and practical value for the coordinated governance of society and space in traditional villages.

Global demographic shifts and rising population mobility have created a profound decoupling between dynamic population distributions and static public service facility configurations. This socio-spatial mismatch is particularly acute in less-developed counties, where the widespread “multi-local living” practices among rural residents have rendered traditional planning models based on static administrative quotas ineffective. This study uses Pucheng County, China, as a case study; we integrate mobile phone signaling data with complex network analysis to construct population flow networks that capture actual service demand and usage preferences. A demand-driven improvement of the traditional Optimal Supply–Demand Accessibility (OSD) model is proposed through flow-based supply adjustment coefficients and determines the coverage and accessibility of public service facilities at the county level to achieve optimization of their layout. The findings reveal: (1) Villages are classified into five types (high-inflow, inflow, balanced, outflow, high-outflow). (2) Within a 30 min walking radius, the service coverage rates of the three facility types improved by an average of 25 percentage points, with medical and elderly care facilities showing significantly greater improvements. (3) Accordingly, a “precise gap-filling + medical-care integration + mobile services” allocation model is proposed. The study provides a transferable framework for improving public service accessibility in regions characterized by high population mobility and service underprovision.

Under the influence of rapidly changing traffic conditions, the spatial structure of mountainous county settlements is often difficult to adapt to the evolution of social relations, which leads to issues such as disorganized spatial organization, imbalanced resource allocation, and mismatches between public service supply and demand. To this end, it is urgent to develop a resilient development model through the coordinated regulation of society–space systems. This study takes Lueyang County in the Qinba Mountain area as a case study, analyzes the county settlement system based on the society-space network theory, and establishes a three-dimensional research framework of “space simulation-resilience assessment-spatial optimization”. The study finds that the transportation network in the peripheral areas of Lueyang County has significantly improved over the past decade. The total social demand has increased by 44.32%, and a larger-scale industrial development belt was formed along National Highway G345. The rapid evolution of the transportation network has enhanced the collaboration, stability, and restorability of county settlements by 15.8%, 42.4%, and 22.2%, respectively. Additionally, this evolution has led to the emergence of 2 agglomeration development zones and 3 settlement clusters with strong buffering capabilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended to plan 8 coordinated development zones within the county, establish 19 passenger hubs, focus on developing 28 core communities, and outline 6 types of rural development models with corresponding planning guidelines. This study can provide theoretical support for the coordinated spatial development planning of mountain settlements as well as practical guidance for promoting urban-rural integration, village system optimization, resources allocation, and construction standards in the county.