Background and Objectives: Heart failure (HF) represents a major public health challenge worldwide, with rising prevalence, high morbidity and mortality rates, and substantial healthcare costs. Non-invasive telemonitoring has emerged as a promising adjunct in HF management, yet its clinical effectiveness remains unclear. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, we summarize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between 2004 and 2024 examining the efficacy of non-invasive telemonitoring on mortality, readmission, and quality of life (QoL) in HF. In addition, we characterize the heterogeneity of features of different telemonitoring interventions. Results: In total, 32 RCTs were included, comprising 13,294 participants. While some individual studies reported benefits, non-invasive telemonitoring demonstrated mixed effects on mortality, readmission rates, and QoL. The most common modality for interfacing with patients was by mobile application (53%), followed by web portals (22%), and stand-alone devices (19%). Periodic feedback (63%) was more common than continuous feedback (31%) or on-demand feedback (6%). Clinician reviews of patient telemonitoring data was event-triggered (44%) more commonly than based on a prespecified timeline (38%). In most designs (90%), patients played a passive role in telemonitoring. Conclusions: Non-invasive telemonitoring interventions for HF exhibited considerable variation in duration and system design and had a low rate of patient engagement. Future work should focus on identifying telemonitoring-responsive subgroups and refining telemonitoring strategies to complement traditional HF care.

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) also known as iliac vein compression syndrome, is a congenital anatomical variant, that results from the extrinsic compression of the left common iliac vein by the right iliac artery with resultant formation of left venous thrombosis. We report a case of a young man with recurrent unprovoked left lower extremity DVT in the setting of May Thurner syndrome who required endovascular intervention and was discharged on oral anticoagulation.

Chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) is one of the leading causes of significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. While previous studies have reported an overall decline in ischemic heart disease mortality, contemporary trends in CIHD-related mortality across sex, race, and urbanization status remain inadequately explored. We examined CIHD-related mortality trends in the U.S. from 1999 to 2019.We analyzed mortality data from the CDC WONDER database using CIHD ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated per 100,000 individuals. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. Over two decades, 5,729,619 CIHD-related deaths were recorded. AAMR declined from 185.6 (95% CI: 184.9–186.2) per 100,000 in 1999 to 94.9 (95% CI: 94.5–95.3) per 100,000 in 2019. There were, however, disparities among demographic groups. Males had consistently higher mortality than females (overall AAMR: 167.2 vs. 96.0 per 100,000), and among racial groups, non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest AAMR (148.3 per 100,000. Initially, urban areas had higher mortality than rural areas, but by 2019, their AAMRs converged (urban: 94.7 [95% CI: 94.3–95.1]; rural: 96.1 [95% CI: 95.1–97.0] per 100,000). CIHD mortality has declined across all demographics over the last two decades; however, disparities persist, particularly among males and non-Hispanic Black individuals. While rural and urban populations had differing mortality rates initially, they showed similar AAMR by the end of the study period. Focused public health interventions are crucial to addressing these inequities.

Introduction: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been linked to increased atrial fibrillation(AF) risk due to estrogen depletion however tamoxifen's effect on AF remains conflicting. This study investigates the risk of AF associated with AI use compared to tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the TriNetX database from 2015 to 2024. Breast cancer patients were categorized into two groups: AI users (anastrozole, exemestane, or letrozole) and tamoxifen users. A propensity score matching (1:1) adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, concurrent therapies, and lab values. The incidence of AF was assessed at 1, 5, and 10-years post-treatment initiation. Results: The study included 220,552 AI users and 73,388 tamoxifen users before matching, with 54,175 patients in each group after matching. At 1 year, AI users had a higher risk of AF (0.5% vs. 0.4%, RR: 1.36, p = 0.001). At 5 years, AF incidence remained higher in the AI group (1.2% vs. 1.1%, RR: 1.13, p = 0.035).However at 10 years, the difference in AF risk between the two groups was no longer significant (1.6% vs. 1.5%, RR: 1.05, p = 0.295). Conclusion: AI use is associated with a higher risk of AF than tamoxifen in the first 5 years of treatment, but the risk equalizes at 10 years. Long-term hormonal therapy has an increased risk of AF, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and management of risk factors.