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Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.
Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4192 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Javed, Zaffar Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Ghulam Abbasi, Asma Majeed, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Rafay, Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. 2021. "Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4192.
Evaluation of existing operational and managerial provisions and identification of specific actions that fit and impact in a local context is key to find sustainable solutions. The study aims to develop an understanding of existing waste management practices for a medium sized city of Pakistan and to quantify the related environmental impacts using life cycle assessment (LCA). The existing waste management system in “Bahawalpur”, a city with predominant rural-urban infusion, is characterized by straining resources, low generation rates (0.424 kg/capita/day), prominent source separation, high scavenging activities and open dumping practices. The waste composition analysis proposes organic wastes as the largest constituent (64%) followed by recyclables (27%) and inerts (9%). The LCA model “EaseTech” used to quantify the environmental performance of existing waste management arrangements illustrated that existing waste management system in Bahawalpur City has tangible effects on climate change (3.16 × 107 kg CO2-Eq) and ecotoxicity (3.12 × 106 CTU) categories, while depletion of abiotic resources fossil (−9.60 × 107) category points up most environmental savings. Significant environmental compensations for different impact categories are offered due to high source separation and recycling trade off. The overview necessitates suitable modification in existing waste disposal practice that poses severe impacts on the environment.
Asma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. Environmental Quantification of the Existing Waste Management System in a Developing World Municipality Using EaseTech: The Case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2424 .
AMA StyleAsma Majeed, Syeda Adila Batool, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. Environmental Quantification of the Existing Waste Management System in a Developing World Municipality Using EaseTech: The Case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. 2018. "Environmental Quantification of the Existing Waste Management System in a Developing World Municipality Using EaseTech: The Case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2424.
Informal waste management sector often sustains in a cliquish socioeconomic environment. The present study suggests that rather than keeping this sector marginalized, its significance should be recognized and efforts should be made for its integration with formal sector to introduce synergy. For a detailed assessment of the economic contribution of the informal waste management sector, a case study has been performed in Bahawalpur, a medium sized city of Pakistan. The study investigates the current recycling conduct of the society and scrutinizes the economic role of main stakeholders involved in recycling, including waste pickers, itinerant buyers and waste traders. The recovery activity is profitable for key stakeholders involved and generates a revenue of approximately 6.05 billion Rupees or 6 million USD/year. The outcome suggests that the informal waste management sector is proficiently involved in waste recovery activities and its integration with formal sector can work optimally at both ends. The guideline for enabling formal-informal waste sector integration has been evaluated under a recently developed tool known as “InteRa” (integration radar) rapid evaluation metric and visualization tool. Application of “InteRa” framework proffers a step-wise direction as it demonstrates the extent to which local situation is favorable, investigates the existing gaps and advocates necessary changes that need to be incorporated to achieve formal-informal sector integration in the study area.
Asma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. Informal Waste Management in the Developing World: Economic Contribution Through Integration With the Formal Sector. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2016, 8, 679 -694.
AMA StyleAsma Majeed, Syeda Adila Batool, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. Informal Waste Management in the Developing World: Economic Contribution Through Integration With the Formal Sector. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2016; 8 (3):679-694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. 2016. "Informal Waste Management in the Developing World: Economic Contribution Through Integration With the Formal Sector." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 3: 679-694.
Social and health issues are now considered as an integral part of waste management system. Scavengers or waste pickers are the main victims in waste management sector. Objective of the cross sectional study carried out for a group of scavengers living in huts was to highlight the socio-demographic characteristic, working conditions and occupational health risks with main emphasis on relation of infectious disease prevalence and waste picking activity in Bahawalpur area. Of the 100 waste pickers and 100 non-waste pickers HIV was not detected in any participant, HBV was detected in 4 and 2 % and HCV in 28 and 6 % respectively. Considerable differences were observed in the detection rates of HCV (OR: 6.09, 95 % CI 2.4, 15.5; p = 0.000) and either markers (OR: 5.4, 95 % CI 2.35, 12.5; p = 0.000) in waste pickers compared to general population. The higher incidence of Hepatitis among waste pickers compared to non waste pickers is a function of their occupation, unhygienic living conditions, lack of immunization, ignorance and need of training regarding waste handling.
Asma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry; Rana Aatif Siddique. Scavenging demeanor in Bahawalpur, Pakistan: social and health perspective. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2016, 19, 815 -826.
AMA StyleAsma Majeed, Syeda Adila Batool, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry, Rana Aatif Siddique. Scavenging demeanor in Bahawalpur, Pakistan: social and health perspective. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 2016; 19 (2):815-826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsma Majeed; Syeda Adila Batool; Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry; Rana Aatif Siddique. 2016. "Scavenging demeanor in Bahawalpur, Pakistan: social and health perspective." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 19, no. 2: 815-826.