This study analyzes the intersection of energy, urban planning, decarbonization, and sustainability as a central axis for addressing urban development challenges in Latin America. A systematic search of the Scopus database selected 509 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The documents were thematically classified into urban planning (274), energy (79), and decarbonization (147), identifying only 10 studies that simultaneously integrate at least two of these dimensions in Latin American contexts. While this sample of 10 articles does not allow for generalizations about the region, the article selects representative cases to contextualize the type of research conducted, rather than offering extrapolable results. An exploratory multivariate analysis was applied to identify patterns, thematic gaps, and convergence trends, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of the set of key concepts and Hierarchical Clustering (HCC) to group terms according to their semantic proximity. These results are complemented by co-occurrence and thematic concentration maps generated from keywords extracted from the selected articles. The findings reveal a low level of integration among the topics analyzed, justifying the need to establish new lines of interdisciplinary research. The study proposes a replicable analytical tool that guides future regional research and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

El presente estudio se enfoca en los desafíos para la salud respiratoria relacionados con la exposición laboral en la agricultura, tanto en trabajadores como en la población civil. El objetivo es identificar medidas para reducir los riesgos de contaminación química y promover la salud en estos entornos. Se empleó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva y se destacó la importancia del uso de equipos de protección personal (EPP) y la promoción de la conciencia sobre los riesgos. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de capacitación, supervisión y monitoreo continuo de la calidad del aire, así como el cumplimiento de normativas ambientales. Se concluye que estas medidas no solo protegerán la salud de los trabajadores, sino que también contribuirán a la sostenibilidad y productividad a largo plazo de las operaciones agrícolas.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic state of Yahuarcocha Lagoon using the AQUATOX simulation model. We sought to understand the dynamics of eutrophication in this aquatic ecosystem and assess the effectiveness of Myriophyllum spicatum as a bioremediation strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of eutrophication. Methodology: We implemented an experimental design to measure key variables reflecting the trophic state of Yahuarcocha Lagoon, including Secchi disk depth, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll concentrations. Over four months, from September to December, eight sampling sessions were conducted to collect essential data. The AQUATOX software was used to model these environmental variables and mean squared error and relative error were employed to validate the model's accuracy. Additionally, the potential of Myriophyllum spicatum to improve the water quality of the lagoon was investigated. Results and Conclusions: Our findings indicated that Yahuarcocha Lagoon exhibited a hypereutrophic state based on total phosphorus concentrations and a eutrophic state regarding chlorophyll and Secchi disk depth. Although the AQUATOX model did not achieve a fully satisfactory level of validation, the introduction of Myriophyllum spicatum as a bioremediation agent proved to be an effective measure, facilitating a notable improvement in water quality from a hypereutrophic to eutrophic state in terms of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, as well as an advance in water transparency from a eutrophic to mesotrophic state. Research Implications: This study emphasizes the significant vulnerability of lakes to eutrophication and underscores the importance of adopting effective management strategies to preserve water quality. The results support the use of Myriophyllum spicatum as a viable bioremediation technique, offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional chemical interventions for treating eutrophic lake ecosystems. Originality / Value: This research contributes to the understanding of eutrophication in Yahuarcocha Lagoon and highlights the effectiveness of bioremediation with Myriophyllum spicatum, a strategy scarcely explored in this specific context. By integrating environmental modeling with practical applications of bioremediation, this study provides innovative insights into the sustainable management of eutrophication in tropical lakes. The findings not only have implications for local environmental conservation but also establish an applicable framework for other similar aquatic ecosystems globally. Los lagos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la ecología global, ya que afectan los ciclos del agua, y contribuyen a la biodiversidad. Este estudio evaluó el estado trófico de la Laguna Yahuarcocha mediante el software AQUATOX. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo inicial para estimar los parámetros y valores iniciales del modelo, y posteriormente, se realizó un monitoreo (septiembre a diciembre) a través de ocho muestreos. Los parámetros considerados fueron la profundidad del disco Secchi, fósforo total y concentraciones de clorofila. Se utilizó el error cuadrático medio y el error relativo para comparar y validar los resultados del modelo. Finalmente, se evaluó el potencial de la macrófita Myriophyllum para mejorar el estado trófico de la laguna. La laguna evaluada mostró un estado hipereutrófico para el fósforo total y eutrófico para la clorofila a y la profundidad del disco Secchi. A pesar de los intentos de modelado, el modelo no alcanzó una validación aceptable. La aplicación de biorremediación con la planta macrofita Myriophyllum presentó mejoras significativas, de un estado hipereutrófico a eutrófico para el fósforo total y la clorofila, mientras que para la profundidad del disco Secchi, presentó de un estado eutrófico a mesotrófico. Os lagos desempenham um papel fundamental na ecologia global, pois afetam os ciclos da água e contribuem para a biodiversidade. Este estudo avaliou o estado trófico da Laguna Yahuarcocha usando o software AQUATOX. Foi realizada uma amostragem inicial para estimar os parâmetros e valores iniciais do modelo e, posteriormente, foi realizado o monitoramento (setembro a dezembro) por meio de oito amostragens. Os parâmetros considerados foram a profundidade do disco de Secchi, o fósforo total e as concentrações de clorofila. O erro quadrático médio e o erro relativo foram usados para comparar e validar os resultados do modelo. Por fim, foi avaliado o potencial da macrófita Myriophyllum macrophyta para melhorar o status trófico da lagoa. A lagoa avaliada apresentou um estado hipereutrófico para o fósforo total e eutrófico para a clorofila a e a profundidade do disco de Secchi. Apesar das tentativas de modelagem, o modelo não alcançou uma validação aceitável. A aplicação da biorremediação com a planta macrófita Myriophyllum mostrou melhorias significativas de um estado hipereutrófico para eutrófico em relação ao fósforo total e à clorofila a, enquanto a profundidade do disco de Secchi passou de um estado eutrófico para um mesotrófico.

Ecuador is one of the most megadiverse countries in the world, has almost 18 million inhabitants, 20 % of the population in Ecuador is focused on the agricultural sector and it is estimated that 54 % is carrying out agricultural activities (INEC, 2020). For decades, the green revolution has been putting forward the discourse of ending hunger in the world, giving rise to the genetic revolution, which aims, through transgenic crops, to continue the trend of blind productivism that does not see the social and environmental impact.