COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.

Para identificar la corresponsabilidad de los varones en el proceso de negociación de protección dual, según género en la primera y última relación sexual, y su percepción de riesgo de ETS/SIDA, se encuestó a 750 varones de 19-29 años en 2.250 viviendas de Lima Metropolitana, Perú, 2001, seleccionados aleatoriamente. La mayoría señaló principalmente el condón como una forma para evitar el embarazo (95%). La primera relación coital fue con la amiga, su pareja estable o una conocida. Casi la mitad de ellos hizo algo para cuidarse, principalmente usó condón para evitar un embarazo, pero su uso consistente y correcto son bajos. El 39,5% tuvo su última relación coital con su pareja estable con quien no vive, con amiga o "conocida", la esposa o conviviente. El diálogo sobre protegerse se incrementa entre la primera y la última relación coital. Su percepción del riesgo de adquirir ETS/SIDA es baja y se protegen sólo con parejas "desconocidas".

Background/Objectives: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) are widely circulating in livestock of low- and middle-income countries. However, the drivers of their circulation remain largely unknown. Small-scale farms in Peru exhibit an unusually high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli in their livestock. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli fecal carriage in dairy cows, pigs, and poultry in the Lima and Ica regions of Peru and to identify the drivers associated with the observed prevalence at the farm level. Methods: We compared the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli isolated from dairy cattle (N = 244 animals; 25 farms), pigs (N = 261; 25), and laying hens (N = 255; 10). We also administrated questionnaires to 59 farmers regarding their socioeconomic status, husbandry practices, animal diseases, and antibiotic use. Results: All but one of the 60 farms sampled had at least one animal carrying ESBL-E. coli. A statistically higher prevalence of ESBL-E. coli was estimated in dairy cows (75%) and pigs (61%) from Lima compared to laying hens from Ica (34%). Our statistical analyses (Poisson generalized linear models) using two variable selection approaches revealed that the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli was lower in farms raising laying hens, when farmers oversaw both animal husbandry and healthcare, and in farms with a lower number of gastrointestinal outbreaks in the last semester. Socio-economic features of farmers and self-reporting antibiotic use varied across farms (i.e., highest antibiotic use over the last semester was reported among pig farmers (96%), followed by laying hen (70%) and dairy cattle farmers (50%)), but these factors were not associated with the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli. Conclusions: Despite a relatively low number of farms sampled, our findings suggest that the widespread circulation of ESBL-E. coli among livestock in Peru could be mainly associated with unknown species-specific drivers, independently of the socioeconomic status of farmers and antibiotic use. Therefore, our study calls for future research to identify the specific drivers promoting the high prevalence of ESBL-E. coli among cattle and pigs in Peru.

This work explores the extreme violence against women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, considering different restriction periods. This is relevant in view of increased violence against women. The objective of this work was to identify the feminicide and attempted feminicide during different quarantine periods due to the COVID-19 health emergency in Peru, and to determine the variables related to these. Data of administrative records of the cases of feminicide and attempted feminicide were analyzed. Our results show that cases of attempted feminicide occurred in higher proportions during the prequarantine period compared to the other periods. In the case of feminicide, its highest percentage occurred during quarantine with a relationship relatively intense when the victim has suffered physical and psychological violence. Also, we find that attempted feminicide was 4.3 times more likely to happen to urban resident victims, 7.9 times more likely when women suffered physical violence, and 7.4 times when they were victims of psychological violence. During quarantine, attempted feminicide was more likely when a victim lives in an urban area (3.5 times), when the victim suffered physical and psychological violence (21.7 and 5.2 times, respectively), and 3.1 times more likely when the attempted feminicide occurred inside the household. The cases of attempted feminicide that occurred during restrictive measures are 5.0 times more likely when a victim belongs to urban areas, 23.4 times more likely when the woman suffered physical violence, and 4.3 times more likely when she was a victim of psychological violence.

Este estudio de casos analiza la coherencia entre discursos y prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes para atender a la diversidad de sus estudiantes en el área de Comunicación. Comprende la visita a 6 Instituciones Educativas de Tacna y Ayacucho, Perú, en las que se realizaron 14 observaciones de aula y 12 entrevistas a docentes de escuelas públicas, rurales y multigrado. Como resultado, se encontraría una coherencia parcial entre el discurso y la práctica para la atención a la diversidad por grado o ciclo, mas no, por género, edad, cultura, y niveles de avance. Categorías de análisis: a) Discurso de los docentes sobre i) Diversidad de sus estudiantes; ii) Didáctica multigrado en razón de la diversidad de sus estudiantes y c) Prácticas pedagógicas en el aula multigrado frente a la diversidad.

Most studies on media education, literacy and competence focus on basic education and teacher training; in this context, university training for communicators has not received the attention we believe it should have. Therefore, this article presents the results of a systematic exploratory review, following the PRISMA ScR model, of 55 articles published in five scientific reference databases that present empirical studies on media education in university communication courses. The results show that, since 2019, there has been an increase in interest in this subject, that the largest amount of scientific work has been published in English, that nearly half of it presents a theoretical framework on topics related to media education, that quantitative methodologies prevail in the design of studies with the survey as the main tool. Finally, based on the analysis of the objects of study of the reviewed literature, a proposal of eight areas of interest is organized.