The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the host country’s economic growth is often discussed without considering the abundance of natural resources in the host country. The present study examines the relationship between FDI and economic growth while considering the presence of natural resources. Using panel data regression with data from 124 countries, the study finds that FDI inflows are increasing significantly, with pronounced differences between countries based on their per capita income levels. The results of the panel data regression analysis show that both FDI and natural resources positively affect economic growth. However, an increase in natural resources reduces the overall impact of FDI on economic growth. This result suggests that countries should attract FDI in sectors outside of natural resources to maximize the positive effects of FDI on economic growth. JEL Classification: F43, O4, P28, P45, Q0 How to Cite: Fajrian, M. A., Achsani, N. A., & Widyastutik. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment, Abundance of Natural Resources, and Economic Growth. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.29975.

Investasi publik di sektor pertanian diharapkan dapat peningkatan produksi dan kesejahteraan petani. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi pelaku usaha terhadap kebijakan dan program investasi publik di sektor pertanian. Sampel responden sebanyak 300 petani yang mengusahakan komoditas padi, jagung, kedelai, sayuran, kakao dan sawit di lima kabupaten (Subang, Indramayu, Pacitan, Lombok Utara dan Luwuk Utara). Persepsi petani berdasarkan analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) menunjukkan bahwa sarana produksi, alat mesin pertanian dan infrastruktur secara umum harus dipertahankan kinerjanya. Sedangkan faktor lainnya seperti sumberdaya manusia, riset dan pengembangan, pemanfaatan teknologi, pembiayaan, kebijakan pemerintah, bantuan pemerintah serta kelembagaan, fasilitasi dan kemitraan, responden petani memiliki tingkat kepentingan dan juga persepsi kinerja yang sangat bervariasi antar lokasi sampel dan jenis komoditas. Sebagai upaya optimalisasi investasi publik, kegiatan pendampingan oleh kementerian lembaga, pihak swasta maupun perguruan tinggi kepada para petani sangat diperlukan.

Agriculture is the primary sector sustaining the Indonesian economy. However, appropriate policies are also required to support the service sector. Therefore, this study aims to analyze two central policies: the impact of trade openness and the role of the service sector on agriculture and agro-industry in Indonesia. A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with 2016 input–output tables cover 141 regions and 65 sectors based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Version 10 database. The results show that trade openness in the services sector significantly improves the performance and quality of service provision. The improved performance of the services sector will, in turn, encourage increased production in the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors, which rely heavily on service inputs in the production process. This suggests that trade openness in the services sector is important to sustain the performance of the agricultural sector.

Abstrak Pertumbuhan populasi, peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi serta letak geografis Indonesia yang unik meningkatkan “kecenderungan untuk melakukan penerbangan”. Dengan pertimbangan tersebut, jasa transportasi udara merupakan sarana yang amat penting dan efisien dalam menghubungkan hampir 240 juta penduduk Indonesia, maupun penduduk di belahan dunia lainnya. Seperti pada sektor jasa lainnya, hambatan perdagangan di sektor jasa transportasi udara diimplementasikan melalui kebijakan pemerintah melalui berbagai regulasi. Hal ini menyebabkan berbagai regulasi menjadi penghambat karena regulasi tersebut meningkatkan biaya transaksi yang pada akhirnya dibebankan ke konsumen dalam bentuk harga jasa yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengestimasi tarif ekuivalen dari NTBs dan (2) menganalisis dampak eliminasi hambatan regulasi di sektor jasa transportasi udara dalam lingkup ASEAN dan ASEAN FTA Partners. Dengan menggunakan model gravity, teridentifikasi bahwa hambatan perdagangan di jasa transportasi udara ASEAN dan ASEAN FTA Partners masih relatif tinggi yaitu antara 0 – 11.2%. Dengan menggunakan CGE model IC-IRTS, simulasi GTAP menunjukkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini konsisten dengan teori pro-kompetitif. Gain yang lebih besar diperoleh dari model CGE yang menggunakan asumsi IC-IRTS dibandingkan PC-CRTS. Dengan asumsi IC-IRTS, China memperoleh manfaat yang lebih besar yang diindikasikan dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan paling tinggi. Abstract Population growth, increased economic welfare, and Indonesia's unique geographical location increase the "tendency to travel by air transportation". Based on these conditions, air transport is a fundamental and efficient way to connect almost 240 million Indonesians, and people in other parts of the world. However, like other service sector, trade barriers in the air transportation service is implemented through government policies through regulations. This condition causes the regulations to be barriers because they increase transaction costs charged to consumers in the form of higher service prices. This study aims to (1) estimate the tax-equivalent of NTBs and (2) analyze the impact of eliminating regulatory barriers in the air transportation service within the scope of ASEAN and ASEAN FTA Partners. Using the gravity model, this study identifies that the trade barriers of air transportation services in ASEAN and ASEAN FTA Partners are still relatively high at between 0 - 11.2 percent. Using CGE's IC-IRTS model, GTAP simulation shows that the results of this study are consistent with pro-competitive theories. Greater gain is obtained from the CGE model, which uses the assumption of IC-IRTS compared to PC-CRTS. Assuming IC-IRTS, China will reap greater benefits as indicated by its highest increase in welfare. JEL Classification: F13, F15, F17

Background: The European Union is a major importer of natural rubber. However, the rise of global competition and the implementation of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) in 2023 has impacted rubber trade dynamics, particularly in Like-Minded Countries (LMC).Purpose: This study analyzes the competitiveness and efficiency of rubber exports from 17 LMC to the European Union from 2013 to 2022.Design/methodology/approach: The study uses Revealed Comparative Advantage, Export Product Dynamics, X-Model, and Stochastic Frontier Analysis with data from the UN Comtrade, Trade Map, and World Bank.Findings/Result: This study shows increased competitiveness in rubber exports to the European Union, while some countries experienced stagnation. The implementation of sustainability policies, particularly the EUDR, significantly influences export competitiveness. Countries that adhere to sustainability standards have demonstrated notable improvements in their export performance. Conclusion: Although some countries have significant export potential, they have not fully optimized it. The LMC needs to enhance efficiency and meet sustainability standards to improve competitiveness and fully leverage export potential in the European Union market.Originality/value (state of the art): This research contributes to the limited literature on rubber trade dynamics under the impact of environmental regulations such as the EUDR. It comprehensively analyzes trade patterns and efficiency and offers valuable insights for academic and practical applications in global trade studies. Keywords: Competitiveness, environmental policy, export efficiency, stochastic frontier, trade potential