Background/objectives: Propolis, known for its medicinal properties, faces challenges in pharmaceutical applications due to its low aqueous solubility, attributed to its resinous and hydrophobic nature. This limits oral administration, reducing its bioavailability and pharmacological activities. To overcome these barriers, cyclodextrins (CDs), cyclic oligosaccharides, are widely studied as carrier systems that enhance the solubility and bioavailability of propolis and other nonpolar compounds. This study aimed to review patents that developed innovative therapeutic approaches to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of propolis through complexation with CDs. Methods: Active and application patents registered over the last 17 years were searched across multiple databases, resulting in the selection of eight inventions for detailed analysis. Results: These patents highlight therapeutic applications of propolis–CD systems for conditions such as diabetes and skin and gastrointestinal cancers, as well as antimicrobial, immunostimulant, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, novel extraction processes free of organic solvents, including nanometric-scale powder extracts, are described. Conclusions: Findings from scientific articles support the patent data, demonstrating that CD complexation significantly enhances the solubility and therapeutic efficacy of propolis. Thus, these patents present an innovative and promising strategy for developing propolis-based pharmaceutical products.

Os medicamentos estão entre os avanços tecnológicos que proporcionam diversos benefícios ao usuário, entretanto, trazem consigo riscos significativos associados ao seu uso. Este estudo examinou a incidência de intoxicações relacionadas a medicamentos com base nos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) durante os anos de 2020 a 2023. No Brasil foram registradas 693.143 intoxicações durante esse período, das quais pouco mais de 50% estão relacionadas aos medicamentos. O maior número de casos correspondeu ao público feminino e à faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos. Conforme o Sinan, as principais circunstâncias que levaram às intoxicações foram as tentativas de suicídio, o uso acidental e a automedicação, sendo a região Sudeste, a líder em quantitativos de casos registrados no Sistema. As intoxicações por medicamentos constituem uma questão séria de saúde pública, exigindo medidas preventivas e de promoção da saúde. Isso ressalta a importância de iniciativas educativas destinadas à população, visando à diminuição dos acidentes e danos relacionados. Dessa forma, além de aprofundar nossa compreensão das tendências atuais de intoxicações por medicamentos, este estudo também incita à mobilização de todos os atores envolvidos na promoção da saúde pública.

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Background/Objectives: Brazilian red propolis is a rich source of isoflavonoids with promising antioxidant and antileishmanial activities. However, its poor aqueous solubility and chemical instability limit its pharmaceutical application. This study aimed to develop microemulsion-based systems containing high concentrations of Brazilian red propolis extract (RPE) and evaluate their physicochemical properties, phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antileishmanial activity. Methods: Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed by water titration to select suitable microemulsion compositions. RPE was subsequently incorporated into the selected compositions to obtain RPE-loaded colloidal systems. The three selected RPE-free microemulsions and their corresponding RPE-loaded systems were characterized by pH, electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering, rheological measurements, and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The RPE-loaded systems were further evaluated for phenolic marker content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro activity against Leishmania infantum. Results: Three RPE-loaded colloidal systems (F2-RPE12, F3-RPE30, and F4-RPE50) were developed. F2-RPE12 exhibited characteristics consistent with an oil-in-water microemulsion. Conductivity and PLM indicated physicochemical changes after RPE incorporation in F3-RPE30 and F4-RPE50, with localized birefringent features at higher RPE concentrations. Among the RPE-loaded systems, F4-RPE50 showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The RPE-loaded systems exhibited lower IC₅₀ values than RPE alone, with IC₅₀ values of 3.14, 2.28, and 0.56 µg·mL⁻¹ for F2-RPE12, F3-RPE30, and F4-RPE50, respectively, compared with 5.90 µg·mL⁻¹ for RPE. Conclusions: Overall, F4-RPE50 showed the most favorable phytochemical and biological performance, and the physicochemical and optical changes observed in the RPE-loaded systems open new avenues for investigating the relationship between structural organization and formulation performance.

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