Pharmacovigilance plays a consequential role in the surveillance of adverse drug reactions, which is provoked by the drugs used to cure diseases. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) produce detrimental or undesirable effects to the body after administration of drugs. It has been reported that the number of patients dying because of contrary effects of drugs per year increased upto 2.6-fold. Moreover, rates of hospitalization of patients are increasing owing to adverse effects of drugs. Thus, it becomes challengeable for physician, health care providers, WHO and pharmaceutical industries to resolve the associated problem of ADRs. During the clinical trial of a novel drug, it is prominent to explore the dependability of drug. In this review, we documented the details required to identify the ADRs in patients along with reported banned drugs.

Ofloxacin is fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and it is used for the treatment of bacterial infection into the eye as a eye drop. The eye drops are the most commonly used dosage form for the ocular route but it has several disadvantages like rapid wash out and dilution of the formulation leading to a low permeability of drug. The purpose of this work is to develop microemulsion formulation of Ofloxacin for ocular drug delivery. Pseudoternary phase diagram was prepared by using Span 20, Tween 80 (ratio of 1: 1 to 2: 1) as mixed surfactant, oleic acid as oil phase and double distilled water as aqueous media. The microemulsion OM1 to OM6 was prepared on the basis of microemulsion area present in pseudoternary phase diagram. The prepared microemulsion was evaluated for phase separation, globule size analysis, zeta potential polydispersity index, percentage drug content, viscosity, conductivity, %transmittance and pH.

Piyush Jain, Shashikant Chandrakar, Pushpa Prasad Gupta, Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Bina Gidwani. J Pharmacopuncture 2025;28:367-78. https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2025.28.4.367