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Roads, due to use and time, become aged and as a result, they require maintenance. This paper presents a promising technology to compensate ageing. The method uses porous aggregates as capsules containing rejuvenator. The rejuvenator will be released during the asphalt pavement's service life, reversing the impact of ageing on asphalt performance, properties and, thus, extending pavement's durability. This paper describes the properties of two porous aggregates, the encapsulation method and the properties of the capsules. The capsules were incorporated into an asphalt mix and their fundamental properties analysed. Finally, the recovery potential of the aged binder was evaluated using ageing tests. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technology, a change in binder properties was observed over time, but to a lesser extent for the bitumen when capsules were included than for the reference. The solution also highlights the benefits of using encapsulated rejuvenator over the use of rejuvenator directly added to the mix.
Raquel Casado; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Lucía Miranda Perez. Synthesis, characterisation and mechanical impact of novel capsules using porous aggregates containing asphalt rejuvenator as an effective way to restore aged binder properties. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleRaquel Casado, Pedro Lastra-González, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Lucía Miranda Perez. Synthesis, characterisation and mechanical impact of novel capsules using porous aggregates containing asphalt rejuvenator as an effective way to restore aged binder properties. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Casado; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Lucía Miranda Perez. 2021. "Synthesis, characterisation and mechanical impact of novel capsules using porous aggregates containing asphalt rejuvenator as an effective way to restore aged binder properties." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-18.
Recent studies have shown that fibers improve the performance of porous asphalt mixtures. In this study, the influence of four different fibers, (a) regular aramid fiber (RegAR), (b) aramid fiber with latex coating (ARLat), (c) aramid fiber with polyurethane coating (ARPoly), (d) aramid fiber of length 12 mm (AR12) was evaluated on abrasion resistance and toughness of the mixtures. The functional performance was estimated using permeability tests and the mechanical performance was evaluated using the Cantabro test and indirect tensile strength tests. The parameters such as fracture energy, post cracking energy, and toughness were obtained through stress-strain plots. Based on the analysis of results, it was concluded that the addition of ARLat fibers enhanced the abrasion resistance of the mixtures. In terms of ITS, ARPoly and RegAR have positively influenced mixtures under dry conditions. However, the mixtures with all aramid fibers were found to have adverse effects on the ITS under wet conditions and energy parameters of porous asphalt mixtures with the traditional percentages of bitumen in the mixture used in Spain (i.e., approximately 4.5%).
Anik Gupta; Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. Laboratory Characterization of Porous Asphalt Mixtures with Aramid Fibers. Materials 2021, 14, 1935 .
AMA StyleAnik Gupta, Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. Laboratory Characterization of Porous Asphalt Mixtures with Aramid Fibers. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):1935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnik Gupta; Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. 2021. "Laboratory Characterization of Porous Asphalt Mixtures with Aramid Fibers." Materials 14, no. 8: 1935.
A local and global finite element analysis of the stringer-floor beam connection of a 19th century riveted railway bridge in Spain made of puddle iron were performed to obtain the maximum principal strains in the riveted connecting angles corresponding to bending moments from train loading on the bridge. Due to the anisotropic nature of puddle iron, the connecting angles were modelled using Hill anisotropic plasticity potential and a parametric study in the local FE model of the connection was performed. A laboratory specimen fabricated with original stringers dismantled from the railway bridge was tested to calibrate the numerical models, so the yield stress ratio that best fitted experimental results was obtained. Based on the method of constant fatigue-life diagram and modified Goodman fatigue failure criterion, it was detected that the connecting angles were prone to fatigue crack initiation, as the combination of mean stress and alternating stress amplitude at the toe of the angle fillet remained outside the infinite fatigue-life region. An innovative strengthening system based on adhesively-bonded carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) angles was designed to prevent fatigue crack initiation in the connecting angles of the stringer-floor beam connection. Different CFRP laminate layouts were numerically evaluated and a proper configuration was obtained that reduced both the mean stress and the alternating stress amplitude in the connecting angle to shift from finite fatigue-life region to infinite fatigue-life region in the constant fatigue-life diagram. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed CFRP strengthening method, its application on a second laboratory specimen fabricated with original stringers was evaluated experimentally and compared with numerical results. The research study conducted showed that the use of adhesively-bonded CFRP angles was an effective strengthening system in reducing the stress level in the fillet region of the puddle iron connecting angles (where fatigue cracks are prone to initiate) and consequently could increase fatigue life of the stringer-floor beam connection.
J. Jimenez-Vicaria; M. Gomez-Pulido; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of a CFRP Fatigue Strengthening for Stringer-Floor Beam Connections in a 19th Century Riveted Railway Bridge. Metals 2021, 11, 603 .
AMA StyleJ. Jimenez-Vicaria, M. Gomez-Pulido, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of a CFRP Fatigue Strengthening for Stringer-Floor Beam Connections in a 19th Century Riveted Railway Bridge. Metals. 2021; 11 (4):603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Jimenez-Vicaria; M. Gomez-Pulido; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2021. "Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of a CFRP Fatigue Strengthening for Stringer-Floor Beam Connections in a 19th Century Riveted Railway Bridge." Metals 11, no. 4: 603.
Fatigue is one of the main forms of deterioration in asphalt mixtures, endangering their service life due to the progressive appearance and expansion of cracks. A sustainable approach to increase the lifetime of asphalt pavement has been found in self-healing technology, especially if boosted with metal by-products due to their economic and environmental interest. Under these circumstances, this research addressed the fatigue behavior of self-healing asphalt mixtures including industrial sand blasting by-products obtained from sieving and aspiration processes. Hence, a uniaxial fatigue test was carried out to determine whether these experimental mixtures can provide a similar response to that of a reference asphalt concrete (AC-16). This analysis was undertaken with the support of descriptive and inferential statistics, whose application proved the absence of significant differences in the fatigue performance of self-healing experimental mixtures with respect to conventional asphalt concrete. These results suggest that designing self-healing mixtures with metal by-products is a sustainable approach to increase the lifetime of asphalt pavements, while contributing to the circular economy through diverse economic and environmental benefits.
Marta Vila-Cortavitarte; Daniel Jato-Espino; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Miguel Calzada-Pérez. Laboratory and Statistical Analysis of the Fatigue Response of Self-Healing Asphalt Mixtures Containing Metal By-Products. Coatings 2021, 11, 385 .
AMA StyleMarta Vila-Cortavitarte, Daniel Jato-Espino, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Miguel Calzada-Pérez. Laboratory and Statistical Analysis of the Fatigue Response of Self-Healing Asphalt Mixtures Containing Metal By-Products. Coatings. 2021; 11 (4):385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Vila-Cortavitarte; Daniel Jato-Espino; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Miguel Calzada-Pérez. 2021. "Laboratory and Statistical Analysis of the Fatigue Response of Self-Healing Asphalt Mixtures Containing Metal By-Products." Coatings 11, no. 4: 385.
Porous asphalt (PA) mixtures are more environmentally friendly but have lower durability than dense-graded mixtures. Additives can be incorporated into PA mixtures to enhance their mechanical strength; however, they may compromise the hydraulic characteristics, increase the total cost of pavement, and negatively affect the environment. In this paper, PA mixtures were produced with 5 different types of additives including 4 fibers and 1 filler. Their performances were compared with the reference mixtures containing virgin bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen. The performance of all mixes was assessed using: mechanical, hydraulic, economic, and environmental indicators. Then, the Delphi method was applied to compute the relative weights for the parameters in multi-criteria decision-making methods. Evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), technique for order of the preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) were employed to rank the additives. According to the results obtained, aramid pulp displayed comparable and, for some parameters such as abrasion resistance, even better performance than polymer-modified bitumen, whereas cellulose fiber demonstrated the best performance regarding sustainability, due to economic and environmental benefits.
Anik Gupta; Carlos Slebi-Acevedo; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2146 .
AMA StyleAnik Gupta, Carlos Slebi-Acevedo, Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga, Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnik Gupta; Carlos Slebi-Acevedo; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2021. "Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2146.
Polymers are used worldwide for their unique properties such as a light weight or chemical resistance, but which have led to an environmental challenge because of the time they need to completely decompose when buried in landfills. Complementarily, bitumen generates the second biggest environmental impact in the construction of a road. This paper analyses the mechanical, environmental and economic performance of replacing 25% of bitumen with two low-cost plastic wastes (cable plastic and the film fraction from household packaging waste) in an asphalt mixture. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the technology from the 3 viewpoints analysed. The plastic-modified mixtures achieve reductions of more than 17% and 11% in the economic and environmental impact when the analysis is focused on the wearing course.
Pedro Lastra-González; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Gerardo Flintsch. Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StylePedro Lastra-González, Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Gerardo Flintsch. Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Lastra-González; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Gerardo Flintsch. 2021. "Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-10.
Diatomite is a powdering mineral mainly composed of diatom microfossils present in marine and lacustrine soils, which influences their physical and mechanical properties. Although many articles have been found in the literature concerning the influence of diatomite in the overall behavior of natural soils, few research efforts have been carried out to evaluate the influence of the diatom microfossil species on their shear resistance. Therefore, in this research, the influence of the diatomite species and the content in the peak and the residual shear strength of diatomite-fine grained soil mixtures was analyzed using the annular shear strength test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atterberg limits were also carried out as additional tests to explain the interlocking effect between the microfossils and the soil. Overall, both diatomite species increased both peak and residual shear strength of the soil similar to dense sands. Nevertheless, the Mexican species reveal higher friction angle values compared with Colombian species.
Carlos Slebi-Acevedo; Daniel Zuluaga-Astudillo; Juan Ruge; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Influence of the Diatomite Specie on the Peak and Residual Shear Strength of the Fine-Grained Soil. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1352 .
AMA StyleCarlos Slebi-Acevedo, Daniel Zuluaga-Astudillo, Juan Ruge, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Influence of the Diatomite Specie on the Peak and Residual Shear Strength of the Fine-Grained Soil. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Slebi-Acevedo; Daniel Zuluaga-Astudillo; Juan Ruge; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2021. "Influence of the Diatomite Specie on the Peak and Residual Shear Strength of the Fine-Grained Soil." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1352.
Porous asphalt (PA) mixture is setting off an attractive alternative to be used as surface layer in pavements due to the many profits this mixture provides in terms of noise, safety and environmental aspects. Nonetheless, its use is quite limited due to its low durability in comparison to dense graded asphalt mixtures, reason for which the incorporation of different additives is recommended. In this study, the impact of different types of binders and additives in porous asphalt mixtures are experimentally assessed. A total of 54 experimental designs were defined through the Taguchi design of experiments method. Total air voids, interconnected air voids, particle loss in dry and wet conditions and binder drain down were the responses obtained from the experimental tests. Since more than one response was obtained, three Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods were performed to turn the multiple response optimisation problem into single-objective optimisation problem. Based on the experimental results and statistical analysis, polymer modified binders improve the ravelling resistance without affecting the functional performance of the mixture and without presenting the risk of binder drain down.
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Pablo Pascual-Muñoz; Pedro Lastra-González. A combination of DOE – multi-criteria decision making analysis applied to additive assessment in porous asphalt mixture. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Pablo Pascual-Muñoz, Pedro Lastra-González. A combination of DOE – multi-criteria decision making analysis applied to additive assessment in porous asphalt mixture. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Pablo Pascual-Muñoz; Pedro Lastra-González. 2021. "A combination of DOE – multi-criteria decision making analysis applied to additive assessment in porous asphalt mixture." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-14.
Polymers are used worldwide for their unique properties such as a light weight or chemical resistance, but which have led to an environmental challenge because of the time they need to completely decompose when buried in landfills. Complementarily, bitumen generates the second biggest environmental impact in the construction of a road. This paper analyses the mechanical, environmental and economic performance of replacing 25% of bitumen with two low-cost plastic wastes (cable plastic and the film fraction from household packaging waste) in an asphalt mixture. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the technology from the 3 viewpoints analysed. The plastic-modified mixtures achieve reductions of more than 17% and 11% in the economic and environmental impact when the analysis is focused on the wearing course.
Pedro Lastra-González; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Gerardo Flintsch. Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StylePedro Lastra-González, Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Gerardo Flintsch. Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Lastra-González; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Gerardo Flintsch. 2021. "Analysis of replacing virgin bitumen by plastic waste in asphalt concrete mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Engineering , no. : 1-10.
The potential recyclability of healable asphalt mixtures has been analyzed in this paper. A healable porous asphalt mixture with steel wool fibers was artificially aged in order to assess its recyclability. This mixture was used as reclaimed asphalt in a new porous asphalt mixture, whose mechanical and healing capacities were studied and compared with the behavior of the original porous asphalt mixture. The quantity of reclaimed asphalt mixture added was 40%; besides, in order to recover the properties of the aged binder, and incorporate the last advances in the recyclability of bituminous mixtures, a rejuvenator was also added (SYLVAROAD™ RP1000). The voids test, Cantabro particle loss test, water sensitivity test, stiffness test, and fatigue resistance test were performed to mechanically study the experimental mixture, while the last one (fatigue resistance test) was also used to assess its healing capacity. The results have shown that the healing capacity of the original healable porous asphalt mixture is maintained with similar mechanical performance.
Pedro Lastra-González; Irune Indacoechea-Vega; Miguel Calzada-Pérez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Recyclability Potential of Induction-Healable Porous Asphalt Mixtures. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9962 .
AMA StylePedro Lastra-González, Irune Indacoechea-Vega, Miguel Calzada-Pérez, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Recyclability Potential of Induction-Healable Porous Asphalt Mixtures. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9962.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Lastra-González; Irune Indacoechea-Vega; Miguel Calzada-Pérez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "Recyclability Potential of Induction-Healable Porous Asphalt Mixtures." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9962.
Aramid fibers and glass fibers are widely used in dense-graded asphalt mixtures to improve the mechanical characteristics. However, their effect on the characteristics of porous asphalt mixtures has not been widely explored. This study evaluated the influence of aramid fiber, aramid pulp, glass-hybrid fiber, and cellulose fiber to improve the abrasion resistance and strength of the porous asphalt mixtures while maintaining their functional characteristics. The performance of PA-16 mixtures incorporated with fibers was evaluated using the Cantabro test, permeability test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, and moisture susceptibility test. Finally, a multi-criteria decision method (MCDM), weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) in combination with criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) as a weighting method, is applied to make a multifaceted decision and select the best option among the variety of fibers included in the study. Results concluded aramid pulp remarkably enhanced the abrasion resistance while glass-hybrid fibers improved the ITS of the mixtures. Particularly, aramid pulp was selected as the best fiber to improve the mechanical resistance, according to the proposed methodology.
Anik Gupta; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. Selection of fibers to improve porous asphalt mixtures using multi-criteria analysis. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 266, 121198 .
AMA StyleAnik Gupta, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez, Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. Selection of fibers to improve porous asphalt mixtures using multi-criteria analysis. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 266 ():121198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnik Gupta; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Pedro Lastra-Gonzalez; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. 2020. "Selection of fibers to improve porous asphalt mixtures using multi-criteria analysis." Construction and Building Materials 266, no. : 121198.
Although tremendous technological and strategic advances have been developed and implemented in the construction sector in recent years, there is substantial room for improvement in the areas of productivity growth, project performance, and schedule reliability. Thus, the present paper seeks to discover why the currently applied scheduling tools and the latest agile-based project organization approaches have not yet achieved their full potential. A missing interlinkage between the project’s design, cost, and time aspects within the project design phase and its sparse utilization throughout project execution were indicated as the driving contributors responsible for the slow progress in development. To fundamentally change this situation, an extensive and coherent project organization solution is proposed. The key process of this solution utilizes a 5D Building Information Model comprising tight concatenations between the individual model objects and the corresponding construction cost and time effort values. The key dates of a waterfall-based construction process simulation, set during the project planning phase, provide particular information to create a structure for agile organized project execution. The implementation of information feedback loops allows target/actual comparisons and contributes to continual improvements in future planning. A comparative case study was conducted with auspicious results on improvements in the overall project performance, and schedule and cost reliability.
David Leicht; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Joaquìn Dìaz; Christian Baier. Multidimensional Construction Planning and Agile Organized Project Execution—The 5D-PROMPTMethod. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6340 .
AMA StyleDavid Leicht, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Joaquìn Dìaz, Christian Baier. Multidimensional Construction Planning and Agile Organized Project Execution—The 5D-PROMPTMethod. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Leicht; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Joaquìn Dìaz; Christian Baier. 2020. "Multidimensional Construction Planning and Agile Organized Project Execution—The 5D-PROMPTMethod." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6340.
This paper analyses the environmental impact of replacing high-quality coarse aggregates by electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed on three asphalt mixtures containing different aggregates: namely ophite, slag 1 and slag 2. The inventory gaps were filled by performing several laboratory tests and applying theoretical models. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the results when applying several allocation procedures, aggregate moisture content and ophite transport distances was also analysed. The results showed the great importance of both the aggregate absorption rate and, above all, the humidity. Slags can replace ophite located more than 144 km from the asphalt plant.
Lizasoain-Arteaga Esther; Lastra-González Pedro; Indacoechea-Vega Irune; Flintsch Gerardo. Comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of electric arc furnace steel slag on asphalt mixtures. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 275, 123121 .
AMA StyleLizasoain-Arteaga Esther, Lastra-González Pedro, Indacoechea-Vega Irune, Flintsch Gerardo. Comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of electric arc furnace steel slag on asphalt mixtures. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 275 ():123121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLizasoain-Arteaga Esther; Lastra-González Pedro; Indacoechea-Vega Irune; Flintsch Gerardo. 2020. "Comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of electric arc furnace steel slag on asphalt mixtures." Journal of Cleaner Production 275, no. : 123121.
The use of adhesively-bonded CFRP laminates is a promising technique to strengthen steel structures that have been deteriorated due to corrosion, ageing or increasing loads, as in the case of old metallic riveted bridges. But the relatively short available space between rivets requires the use of adhesively-bonded CFRP laminates with short bond lengths, which needs to be deeply studied as most previous research works have focused on large bond lengths. To study the bond behaviour between CFRP laminates and steel plates in such strengthened structures, a series of tests has been carried out in double-strap joints under tensile loading, evaluating the influence of CFRP stiffness and adhesive ductility on the strength and failure mode of short bond length adhesive joints. Based on the experimental results of the present work, together with a large database collected from literature, a fracture-mechanics model based on interfacial fracture energy in shear GII is calibrated, and a simple expression is developed to be used in design for the strength prediction of such adhesive joints. Finally, double-strap joint specimens are simulated using cohesive zone models (CZM) for the adhesive layers, and the results are compared to the analytical model and experimental tests.
J. David Jimenez-Vicaria; M. Dolores G. Pulido; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Influence of carbon fibre stiffness and adhesive ductility on CFRP-steel adhesive joints with short bond lengths. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 260, 119758 .
AMA StyleJ. David Jimenez-Vicaria, M. Dolores G. Pulido, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Influence of carbon fibre stiffness and adhesive ductility on CFRP-steel adhesive joints with short bond lengths. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 260 ():119758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. David Jimenez-Vicaria; M. Dolores G. Pulido; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "Influence of carbon fibre stiffness and adhesive ductility on CFRP-steel adhesive joints with short bond lengths." Construction and Building Materials 260, no. : 119758.
The use of adhesively-bonded CFRP crack-patching in old metallic bridges seems to be a promising fatigue strengthening technique, but the internal laminar structure of puddle iron could influence its efficiency, resulting in premature interlaminar failure within the metal before CFRP debonding. To investigate the fatigue behaviour of this retrofitting system, six double-strap joints with CFRP laminates adhesively-bonded to puddle iron plates taken from a 19th century bridge were tested. Three specimens were statically loaded until failure as control specimens, and other three were tested under tensile-tensile fatigue loading up to 2 million cycles at a frequency of 10 Hz, with stress ranges in the metal of 60, 75 and 90 MPa. An analytical model is used to compute the maximum principal stress range in the adhesive during fatigue loading, which is assumed as the governing fatigue strength parameter in the double-strap joint. Based on the experimental results of the present work, together with a database for joints with modern steel collected from literature, an S-N fatigue curve is obtained for CFRP-metal double-strap specimens, and a fatigue limit in terms of maximum principal stress range in the adhesive layer is proposed to be used in design guidelines.
J. David Jimenez-Vicaria; Daniel Castro-Fresno; M. Dolores G. Pulido. Fatigue behaviour of adhesive bonds in tensile CFRP-metal double-strap joints with puddle iron plates taken from a 19th century bridge. Composite Structures 2020, 251, 112600 .
AMA StyleJ. David Jimenez-Vicaria, Daniel Castro-Fresno, M. Dolores G. Pulido. Fatigue behaviour of adhesive bonds in tensile CFRP-metal double-strap joints with puddle iron plates taken from a 19th century bridge. Composite Structures. 2020; 251 ():112600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. David Jimenez-Vicaria; Daniel Castro-Fresno; M. Dolores G. Pulido. 2020. "Fatigue behaviour of adhesive bonds in tensile CFRP-metal double-strap joints with puddle iron plates taken from a 19th century bridge." Composite Structures 251, no. : 112600.
Alternative materials to replace cement in pavements have recently been widely studied with the purpose of decreasing the environmental impacts that the construction industry generates. In this context, the implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems has grown, especially with porous pavements, with the intention to reduce water and environmental impacts. In the present investigation, the addition of alternative materials to minimize the use of cement in porous concrete pavements is evaluated. Starting from a partial substitution of Portland cement with metakaolin, experimental geopolymer concretes were produced with metakaolin and waste basalt powder according to several dosages. Two sets of mixtures were analyzed to evaluate the Porous Concrete Design (PCD) methodology for porous concrete mixtures with alternative materials. A deep analysis was proposed for the evaluation of the mechanical and volumetric properties of the mixtures. Results demonstrated that replacing 5% of cement with metakaolin can increase both permeability and indirect tensile strength. Geopolymer mixtures can achieve permeability significantly higher than the traditional porous concrete, but this decreases their indirect tensile strength. However, considering the promising results, an adjustment in the mix design of the geopolymer mixtures could increase their mechanical properties without negatively affecting the porosity, making these materials a suitable alternative to traditional porous cement concrete, and a solution to be used in urban pavements.
Eduardo-Javier Elizondo-Martinez; Piergiorgio Tataranni; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Porous Concrete for Urban Pavements Containing Metakaolin. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4243 .
AMA StyleEduardo-Javier Elizondo-Martinez, Piergiorgio Tataranni, Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Porous Concrete for Urban Pavements Containing Metakaolin. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo-Javier Elizondo-Martinez; Piergiorgio Tataranni; Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Porous Concrete for Urban Pavements Containing Metakaolin." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4243.
Porous asphalt (PA) mixture offers multiple benefits such as noise mitigation, skid resistance and management of storm water and runoff quality. However, its durability is not as promising compared to dense-graded asphalt mixtures. The objective of this research is to evaluate the functional and mechanical performance of PA mixtures modified with nylon and hydrated lime through experimental tests including air voids, permeability, raveling resistance, moisture susceptibility and binder drain down. Taguchi approach was employed to analyze the performance of these responses. Additionally, a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique was employed to turn the multiple-response problem optimization into a single response problem optimization. Monte Carlo Stochastic simulations were included as a complement to deal with the uncertainty contained in the experimental quantitative data. The optimal levels for acquiring a proper overall response value in terms of functionality and durability were identified as 4.60% for binder content factor; 0.04% for fiber content factor and 1.50% for Hydrated Lime content factor.
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Juan C. Ruge-Cárdenas; Daniel Castro-Fresno. An integrated DoE – Stochastic multi criteria decision-making analysis applied for experimental evaluation of fiber reinforced porous asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 255, 119330 .
AMA StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo, Juan C. Ruge-Cárdenas, Daniel Castro-Fresno. An integrated DoE – Stochastic multi criteria decision-making analysis applied for experimental evaluation of fiber reinforced porous asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 255 ():119330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Juan C. Ruge-Cárdenas; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "An integrated DoE – Stochastic multi criteria decision-making analysis applied for experimental evaluation of fiber reinforced porous asphalt mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 255, no. : 119330.
Road infrastructure plays a crucial role in the social and economic development of nations but also generates several environmental problems. To deal with these, three technologies were combined to produce highly sustainable porous asphalt mixtures: namely replacement of natural aggregates, reduction in manufacturing temperature and use of a nano-modified binder. The feasibility of the mixtures was evaluated by applying mechanical tests and performing a life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The results demonstrated the good behaviour of these sustainable mixes, enabling more than 12% and 15% reduction in the environmental and economic impacts of the road.
Israel Rodríguez-Fernández; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Mechanical, environmental and economic feasibility of highly sustainable porous asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 251, 118982 .
AMA StyleIsrael Rodríguez-Fernández, Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga, Pedro Lastra-González, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Mechanical, environmental and economic feasibility of highly sustainable porous asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 251 ():118982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsrael Rodríguez-Fernández; Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "Mechanical, environmental and economic feasibility of highly sustainable porous asphalt mixtures." Construction and Building Materials 251, no. : 118982.
Promising results have been found in the literature through use of synthetic fibers in hot mix asphalt. However, few research works have focused on studying the effect of these fibers at asphalt mortar scale. In this research, the reinforcing effect of polyolefin-aramid (POA) fibers and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is investigated in asphalt mortars through indirect tensile testing. Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mortar (FRAM) specimens were prepared with different fiber contents (0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt% and 0.3 wt%) and tested at three temperatures (15 °C, 0 °C, −15 °C). Indirect tensile strength, fracture energy, post-cracking energy and toughness were the parameters obtained and analyzed from the test in order to understand the behavior of the different FRAM designs. Moreover, the failure types obtained were also analyzed. According to the experimental results, a significant improvement of strength at low temperature (−15 °C) was observed when adding 0.3% of POA or PAN fibers. Furthermore, the fracture energy properties were enhanced due to the addition of fibers.
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Moises Bueno. An experimental laboratory study of fiber-reinforced asphalt mortars with polyolefin-aramid and polyacrylonitrile fibers. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 248, 118622 .
AMA StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo, Pedro Lastra-González, Daniel Castro-Fresno, Moises Bueno. An experimental laboratory study of fiber-reinforced asphalt mortars with polyolefin-aramid and polyacrylonitrile fibers. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 248 ():118622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos J. Slebi-Acevedo; Pedro Lastra-González; Daniel Castro-Fresno; Moises Bueno. 2020. "An experimental laboratory study of fiber-reinforced asphalt mortars with polyolefin-aramid and polyacrylonitrile fibers." Construction and Building Materials 248, no. : 118622.
The purpose of this review is to give an up to date overview of the existing literature in fluid transport processes within Permeable Pavement Systems with the main focus on evaporation. The paper summarises the internal and external factors influencing evaporation rates in Permeable Pavement Systems, such as characteristics of pavement surface and sub-surface layers, presence of water barrier/treatment systems, the water availability near the surface and ambient conditions. Experimental methodologies and designs used to investigate evaporation in laboratory and field settings are discussed, as well as limitations and constraints identifying existing gaps with the potential for further research.
Natasa Tziampou; Stephen J. Coupe; Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda; Alan P. Newman; Daniel Castro-Fresno. Fluid transport within permeable pavement systems: A review of evaporation processes, moisture loss measurement and the current state of knowledge. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 243, 118179 .
AMA StyleNatasa Tziampou, Stephen J. Coupe, Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda, Alan P. Newman, Daniel Castro-Fresno. Fluid transport within permeable pavement systems: A review of evaporation processes, moisture loss measurement and the current state of knowledge. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 243 ():118179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatasa Tziampou; Stephen J. Coupe; Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda; Alan P. Newman; Daniel Castro-Fresno. 2020. "Fluid transport within permeable pavement systems: A review of evaporation processes, moisture loss measurement and the current state of knowledge." Construction and Building Materials 243, no. : 118179.