In recent years, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the frequent outbreaks of novel viral pathogens have intensified the demand for novel, efficient, and low-toxicity antimicrobial materials. Copper and copper-based materials, owing to their broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobial properties, have attracted increasing attention across diverse fields, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development history, antimicrobial and antiviral mechanisms, fabrication techniques, and bioactive characteristics of copper and its derivatives. It further highlights their current applications in healthcare, public infrastructure, food processing, textiles, and modern agriculture. Challenges associated with material stability, cytotoxicity and environmental safety, are critically discussed. Finally, future perspectives are proposed, emphasizing advances in material synthesis, the development of stable nano-coatings, controlled release strategies, low-toxicity and low-resistance formulations, establishment of standardized pharmacological and toxicological evaluation systems, drug delivery applications, and copper pollution control. This review aims to inform future efforts in overcoming the current limitations of copper-based antimicrobials and supporting their potential future integration into applications across medicine, public health, environmental protection, and agricultural innovation, contingent upon resolving current translational and regulatory challenges.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are causative agents of diarrhea in dogs and cats, which manifests as depression, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, leucopenia, and diarrhea in young animals. CPV and FPV can single or mixed infect cats and cause disease. To diagnose sick animals effectively, an effective virus diagnostic and genome typing method with high sensitivity and specificity is required. In this study, a conserved segment containing one SNP A4408C of parvovirus was used for real-time PCR amplification. Subsequently, data were auto-analyzed and plotted using Applied Biosystems® High Resolution Melt Software v3.1. Results showed that CPV and FPV can be detected simultaneously in a single PCR reaction. No cross-reactions were observed with canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine distemper virus. The assay had a detection limit of 4.2 genome copies of CPV and FPV. A total of 80 clinical samples were subjected to this assay, as well as to conventional PCR-sequence assay and virus isolation. Results showed that the percentage of agreement of the assay and other methods are high. In short, we have developed a diagnostic test for the accurate detection and differentiation of CPV and FPV in fecal samples, which is also cost effective.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense arterivirus that causes reproductive and respiratory disorders in sows. It is one of the most important pathogens affecting the global swine industry and is widespread worldwide. To date, PRRSV continues to undergo mutation and evolution. NSP2, as the largest non-structural protein generated via proteolytic cleavage of viral polyproteins, has the highest sequence variability among all PRRSV proteins. It cooperates with other non-structural proteins to orchestrate viral replication and modulate host immune responses. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted functions of NSP2 in the viral life cycle, including its structural and functional characteristics, relationship with viral virulence, mechanisms in viral replication and assembly, role in host immune regulation, and interaction network with both viral and host proteins. These findings provide a theoretical framework for elucidating PRRSV pathogenesis and immune evasion strategies.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the current awareness about cervical cancer prevention among rural women in Luohe City as well as its potential influencing factors. Meanwhile, these data were expected to provide a theoretical basis for Luohe future cervical cancer prevention and therapy. Based on geographical distribution, 40 villages in Luohe City were randomly selected, and questionnaires were given to women in each village. In this study, a total of 4665 questionnaires were distributed, and 4561 valid questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 97.98%. The average score was 4.06 ± 2.46 out of 10. It was found that women had a high awareness rate of cervical cancer screening (55.25%) but a low awareness rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine (10.17%). Moreover, univariate and multivariable analyses showed that age > 45 years, low household income, low education level, being a farmer, spouse unemployment, no pregnancy or birth delivery history, no family or personal history of cervical disease, and no previous complimentary 2-cancer screening (i.e., breast cancer and cervical cancer) were all factors influencing the cognitive level of rural women in Luohe City (P < .05). However, ethnicity, marital status, and spouse education level were not correlated with cognitive level (P > .05). In conclusion, low awareness of cervical cancer prevention among rural women in Luohe was correlated with individual, family, and social factors. So it was recommended to cultivate the rural population knowledge, optimize screening strategies, and conduct targeted cervical cancer prevention and treatment in rural regions.

Introduction: This protocol is for a meta analysis that aims to systematically review the diagnostic value of anti-hepatitis B virus in serum tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in patients with hepatitis B. Methods and analysis: The following electronic databases will be searched from inception to Mar 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Database. All study about enzyme linked immunosorbent assay reagents have been published at home and abroad to diagnose hepatitis B virus will be included. MetaDisc 1.4 soft will used to calculate pooled effect size in sensitivity, specifi city, likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and summary receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve as well. Ethics and dissemination: Formal ethical approval is not required, as the data are not individualized. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and/or presented at relevant conferences. Registration number: INPLASY2020100051.