Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is undergoing a profound transformation. Driven by the convergence of highly sensitive long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) total-body PET systems and an expanding portfolio of targeted radiopharmaceuticals, PET is progressively evolving beyond its traditional role in oncologic diagnosis and staging. Ultra-sensitive scanners enable whole-body imaging with markedly reduced radiotracer doses, rapid acquisition times, and true dynamic multiparametric imaging across all organs simultaneously. In parallel, molecularly targeted radioligands support tumour phenotyping, theranostic applications, and personalized dosimetry. Together, these advances position PET as a systemic imaging platform capable of interrogating whole-body tumour biology, guiding precision therapies, and potentially enabling early detection or surveillance strategies in selected high-risk populations. This narrative review summarizes the technological foundations of total-body PET, reviews current clinical and translational applications, discusses opportunities and limitations for early detection and surveillance, and outlines a research and implementation roadmap to responsibly translate this paradigm into clinical oncology.

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is one of the most significant postoperative consequences in gynecological surgery, leading to impaired bowel function, structural alteration, and reduced quality of life. The conventional technique using fluoroscopic defecography and perineal ultrasonography provides an incomplete assessment of multi-compartment defects and post-surgical changes. Magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) represents a valuable alternative imaging method in the assessment of PFD following gynecological surgery, increasing diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalized treatment planning. MRD achieves high-resolution multi-compartmental assessment of the pelvic floor in dynamic states. Particularly, it is able to detect postoperative complications such as mesh retraction, organ prolapse, and fistula formation, not visible to other modalities. This narrative review discusses the role of MRD in diagnosing PFD and its advantages in detecting functional and anatomical changes following gynecological surgery. This review also examined the ability of MRD to demonstrate surgical changes and its contribution to possible standardization in clinical practice.

Background: Pneumothorax (PTX) is the most common complication of CT-guided lung biopsies. New technical advances, namely the optimization of needle approach angles within an a priori defined “safe zone,” are intended to reduce this risk. This study evaluates whether PTX incidence and chest tube placement decreased significantly after these technical advances were implemented. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 118 consecutive patients who had undergone CT-guided lung biopsy between 9 January 2020, and 4 April 2025. The study was divided into three periods of increasingly growing institutional procedural experience: Pre-Knowledge (January 2020–March 2022; n = 45), Partial Knowledge (April–December 2022; n = 18), and Full Knowledge (January 2023–April 2025; n = 55). PTX incidence and chest tube use were compared across periods using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, while Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate PTX-free survival over time. Results: Overall PTX incidence significantly declined from 71.1% in the Pre-Knowledge Period to 21.8% in the Full Knowledge Period (p < 0.000001). Rates of chest tube placements also decreased from 17.8% to 9.1%, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.372). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in PTX-free survival over time (indicating improvement in the timing of complication onset; p = 0.0042). Procedural optimization was also fostered by a large median intrapulmonary needle length and consistent needle angulation within the safe zone. Conclusions: Formal implementation of needle angle optimization and procedural protocol standardization has effectively reduced the frequency and severity of PTX following CT-guided lung biopsies. These results highlight the benefit of continuous education and technique standardization in improving patient safety and clinical outcomes.

Pelvic floor dysfunction encompasses a spectrum of disorders characterized by organ descent, muscular weakness, and impaired coordination across the anterior, middle, and posterior compartments. MRI defecography has become an established non-invasive technique for comprehensive assessment of both static anatomy and dynamic function of the pelvic floor. This review describes the MRI defecography technique, protocol components, and quantitative parameters that provide an objective evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction. Standard MRI defecography protocol incorporates resting, contraction, straining, and evacuation phases, with single-shot fast spin-echo and real-time sequences enabling visualization of pelvic structures throughout motion. Quantitative parameters, including the anorectal angle, pubococcygeal line, H and M lines, minimal prolapse level, and levator plate angle, allow for objective evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction. MRI defecography is particularly valuable in complex and postoperative scenarios, allowing detection of cystoceles, rectoceles, enteroceles, uterine or vaginal prolapse, intussusception, and post-surgical complications. In addition, MRI-defecography highlights the importance of stabilizing structures such as the urogenital diaphragm, endopelvic fascia, and levator ani complex. By integrating anatomic and functional findings, MRI defecography supports individualized therapeutic planning, guides surgical decision-making, and improves long-term outcomes. MRI defecography has thus emerged as a cornerstone in the multidisciplinary management of pelvic floor dysfunction.

Distinguishing noncirrhotic portal hypertension from cirrhosis is important because of differences in outcomes and management strategies, and imaging features such as liver morphology and the pattern of portal hypertension can aid in differentiation and should be carefully assessed.

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based imaging techniques for liver fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until August 2025. A total of 15 studies (mean age of patients 56 years, 60% male) were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Diagnostic performance metrics were calculated using a random-effects bivariate model, including the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity when I² was ≥50%. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For liver fibrosis, pooled sensitivity was 0.85, specificity was 0.81, and AUC was 0.92. For MASLD, sensitivity was 0.86, specificity was 0.95, and AUC was 0.99. Different imaging modalities and AI classifiers caused significant study heterogeneity. To avoid misleading pooled estimates across varied datasets, imaging modality and AI model subgroup analyses were performed. Only three studies were used to estimate MASLD; therefore, considerable between-study heterogeneity should be considered. Conclusions: AI-based imaging modalities demonstrate promising diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis and MASLD, warranting further standardization to enhance diagnostic consistency.