This study examines social participation as an ethical criterion for validating artificial intelligence (AI) tools in public administration, focusing on its role in fostering transparency and equity. An integrative review of 30 articles (2018–2024), analyzed the literature using Habermas’s communicative action and Rawls’s justice as fairness frameworks, supplemented by decolonial perspectives. The findings confirm that social participation is critical for mitigating algorithmic bias, enhancing transparency, and addressing inequalities in AI systems. However, practical implementation remains limited, with Global North perspectives dominating ethical guidelines and marginalizing Global South voices. This study proposes a hybrid governance model integrating rational dialogue and equity to legitimize AI in public administration. It advocates for digital deliberative forums to amplify marginalized communities and decolonial approaches to address digital and sociocultural disparities. Future research should employ longitudinal case studies and mixed methods to assess the impact of participation on AI ethics in diverse global contexts.

Pituitary tumors are the second most common type of brain tumor in adults, accounting for 17% of adult tumors. Over the years, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has become widely used in the treatment of pituitary tumors. With the recent advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies to generate clinical predictions that aid in diagnostic medicine, they have stood out as preoperative planning tools with the aim of predicting clinical outcomes, including postoperative ones. This article aims to evaluate the applicability of ML models in predicting postoperative complications in the postoperative period of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries for pituitary lesions. Following the PRISMA protocol. Articles were included if they had an observational or randomized design, reported on patients with skull base tumors (pituitary adenomas) who underwent transsphenoidal surgery, used machine learning-based prediction for major outcomes after surgery, and reported at least one relevant outcome. Eight articles were included in this analysis. The 2 outcomes analyzed were diabetes insipidus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The models studied were Random Forest, Neural Network, Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree, and they presented sensitivity, specificity, and an average area under the curve greater than 0.7. The best model was Random Forest with an average area under the curve of 0.832, followed by the Neural Network model, which had an average area under the curve of 0.8. In the studies we identified, the best machine learning methodology for identifying patients at risk of Diabetes Insipidus and cerebrospinal fluid leak was Random Forest.

Objective: This scoping review aims to map the scientific literature of the last five years to characterize behavioral patterns in children with snoring and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), ranging from primary snoring (PS) to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The review seeks to identify the main diagnostic and assessment methods, differentiate the behavioral findings between PS and OSAS where possible, and pinpoint key research gaps. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched in April 2024 for observational studies published between 2019 and 2024 that addressed the coexistence of snoring and behavioral changes in the pediatric population. Only articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were analyzed. Data were charted and analyzed thematically to map the scope of the evidence. Results: The initial search yielded 129 articles, with 22 ultimately included in the final analysis. The findings reveal profound methodological heterogeneity. While questionnaires are universally applied (n = 22), polysomnography (n = 21) remains the gold standard for SDB diagnosis. Behavioral assessments were inconsistent, identifying a broad spectrum of externalizing (e.g., hyperactivity, aggression) and internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) problems, with no clear predominant pattern. Obesity and Down’s syndrome were the most frequently associated comorbidities. Conclusions: The literature reaffirms the strong correlation between SDB and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children. This association is present in primary snoring but is most pronounced in children with diagnosed OSAS. However, progress is constrained by a lack of standardization and, critically, a frequent failure to differentiate between PS and OSAS, which hinders clinical interpretation and evidence synthesis.

Knee arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that has been performed frequently, mainly because of the population's longevity and obesity rates. Pre- and post-operative preparation is of paramount importance for the patient's recovery and well-being after invasive surgery. The use of neuromuscular stimulation (ENM) has emerged as a treatment option to recover muscle tone, especially in the quadriceps, and increase range of movement. However, the effectiveness of this treatment, whether alone or in conjunction with conventional modalities, such as physiotherapy, has not yet been proven. Therefore, the objective of this work is to verify the feasibility, and results obtained from this treatment based on studies already carried out on this topic. This is a systematic review that followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- PRISMA using as a basis the articles of randomized clinical cases found in PubMED, EMBASE and COCHCRANE. a total of 197 articles were found among the databases, of which 66 were duplicates, that is, they were present on more than one platform, so that the total without duplicates is 131, after preliminary reading by title and abstract, they were eliminated 113 articles. In the analysis of the 16 articles included, a discrepancy was observed between the studies, although positive results were evidenced, in more robust studies, the ENM technique did not show better results than traditional treatment.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) depletes CD4+ lymphocytes, compromising cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Additionally, HIV can lead to neurocognitive, motor, and sensory impairments known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which encompass symptoms ranging from concentration difficulties and psychomotor slowing to depressive states, irritability, and, in advanced stages, dementia. Cholinesterase inhibitors, commonly used in Alzheimer's disease, are a potential therapeutic option for cognitive decline in HAND. An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies on the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in individuals diagnosed with HAND. The literature search yielded studies that explore the efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in HAND, highlighting both potential cognitive benefits and the need for further evidence. However, findings remain limited and inconclusive regarding robust clinical recommendations. While cholinesterase inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic approach for HAND-related cognitive decline, current evidence is insufficient to support widespread clinical use. Further controlled studies are necessary to establish their efficacy and safety in this specific population.