A 42-year-old woman, without a specific medical history presented at the Department of Emergency Ophthalmology accusing marked decrease of vision for the left eye (VA 1/ 100). The eye examination revealed an optic neuropathy with multiple retinal hemorrhages at the level of both eyes, but more acutely on the left eye. The brain computer tomography (CT) excluded the suspicion of increasing intracranial pressure. The common blood tests such as complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and inflammatory markers raised a high suspicion of a malignant haematological disease.

This review explores the potential role of topical insulin drops in corneal regeneration by analyzing the mechanism of action and clinical outcomes. Corneal integrity restoration is crucial for ocular surface healing. This review synthesizes the current literature on topical insulin for neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), highlighting its mechanism of action, therapeutic potential, and clinical outcomes. Recent studies report high rates of epithelial regeneration, suggesting that topical insulin may be an effective adjunct or alternative to conventional treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and optimal dosing. Methods: Considering the limited regenerative capacity of the corneal epithelium in NK and the increasing interest in novel therapy, we review the existing literature to evaluate the role and extent of topical insulin’s contribution to corneal healing by applying the PICO framework, which allows for a clear and systematic approach to literature selection and evaluation. The literature search and study selection were conducted manually following PRISMA guidelines. Conclusions: Most of the studies resulting from the selection have small samples, and there is a lack of large, randomized clinical trials. The evidence reviewed in this study suggests that topical insulin is a promising therapy for promoting corneal healing in neurotrophic keratopathy. While clinical trials have demonstrated significant epithelial regeneration, optimal dosing and long-term safety require further investigation. Compared to conventional treatments such as autologous serum or growth factor therapy, insulin eye drops provide a cost-effective alternative. Additional research through controlled trials is needed to formulate standardized therapeutic protocols and verify long-term outcomes.

Purpose: The paper aimed to highlight the ocular complications after exposure to tattoo ink by presenting a case report.

This review explores the potential role of topical insulin drops in corneal regeneration by analyzing the mechanism of action and clinical outcomes. Corneal integrity restauration is crucial for ocular surface healing. This review synthesizes current literature on topical insulin for neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), highlighting its mechanism of action, therapeutic potential, and clinical outcomes. Recent studies report high rates of epithelial regeneration, suggesting that topical insulin may be an effective adjunct or alternative to conventional treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and optimal dosing. Methods: Considering the limited regenerative capacity of the corneal epithelium in NK and the increasing interest in novel therapy, we review existing literature to evaluate the role and extent of topical insulin’s contribution to corneal healing, by applying the PICO framework, which allows for a clear and systematic approach to literature selection and evaluation. The literature search and study selection were conducted manually following PRISMA guidelines. Conclusions: Most of the studies resulting from the selection have small samples and there is a lack of large, randomized clinical trials. The evidence reviewed in this study suggests that topical insulin is a promising therapy for promoting corneal healing in neurotrophic keratopathy. While clinical trials have demonstrated significant epithelial regeneration, optimal dosing and long-term safety require further investigation. Compared to conventional treatments such as autologous serum or growth factor therapy, insulin eye drops provide a cost-effective alternative. Additional research through controlled trials is needed to formulate standardized therapeutic protocols and verify long-term outcomes.