Pleurotus ostreatus is the second cultivated and most popular edible mushroom after Agaricus bisporus worldwide. As dietary supplements, nutraceuticals like Pleurotus ostreatus that go beyond the usual health benefits of mushrooms are becoming more popular. The objective of this study is to put together a summary of the nutrition information and link it to the possible health benefits and health-improving effects of eating oyster mushrooms. This review is based on secondary data from 102 published articles about P. ostreatus. All papers were examined following predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and this study contained 83 publications. The high nutritional content and beneficial health effects make P. ostreatus a high-quality food. It makes up for the lack of protein by switching between a diet based on wheat, rice, and maize. Nowadays, P. ostreatus is famous precious functional food ingredients due to the fact they may be cholesterol-free and low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium. Side by side, they offer crucial nutrients including riboflavin, selenium, potassium, niacin, proteins, and fiber.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by β-cells destruction and/or insulin resistance. Okara, a byproduct of soybean, contains high amount of dietary fiber (50), protein (25), fat (10), vitamins, and phytochemical components including isoflavones and soyasaponins and has drawn particular attention to its positive benefits on health as a source of fiber-rich food that can help people with diabetes. This review aimed to assemble data as a detailed summary of the health benefits of okara for the management of diabetes mellitus. This review was carried out by identifying relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 by searching electronic databases. Okara can control diabetes by reducing body weight and delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby increasing satiety and decreasing blood glucose levels. To sum up, okara consumption as a functional food ingredient is beneficial in the management of diabetes.

Human cognition fundamentally depends on memory. Alzheimer’s disease exhibits a strong correlation with a decline in this factor. Phosphodiesterase-4 B (PDE4B) plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders, and its inhibition is one of the promising approaches for memory enhancement. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts and identify their molecular interaction with PDE4B by in silico and in vitro experiments. Crushed white cabbage and red onion were macerated separately with ethanol to yield respective extracts, and ground coffee was boiled with water to produce aqueous extract. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)–densitometry was used to examine the phytochemicals present in white cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts. Molecular docking studies were performed to know the interaction of test compounds with PDE4B. TLC-densitometry analysis showed that chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected as major compounds in coffee and red onion extracts, respectively. In silico studies revealed that alpha-tocopherol (binding free energy (∆Gbind) = −38.00 kcal/mol) has the strongest interaction with PDE4B whereas chlorogenic acid (∆Gbind = −21.50 kcal/mol) and quercetin (∆Gbind = −17.25 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate interaction. In vitro assay showed that the combination extracts (cabbage, coffee, and red onion) had a stronger activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) = 0.12 ± 0.03 µM) than combination standards (sinigrin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin) (IC₅₀ = 0.17 ± 0.03 µM) and rolipram (IC₅₀ = 0.15 ± 0.008 µM). Thus, the combination extracts are a promising cognitive enhancer by blocking PDE4B activity.

Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have proven fruitful in managing cognitive dysfunction but because of their side effects, opportunities exist to explore alternatives. White cabbage is a cost-effective natural source of phytochemicals without side effects and has remained uninvestigated as a nootropic agent. This study sought to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage extract (WCE) and to predict the molecular interaction between the phytochemical constituents of cabbage and phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B) using in silico studies. Methods: The WCE was prepared by macerating crushed fresh white cabbage with ethanol for 24 h with continuous stirring. The phytochemical profile of WCE was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry, and molecular docking studies were performed to predict the underlying mechanism action of the phytochemicals with PDE1B. Results: The TLC-densitometry analysis showed that WCE was a rich source of sinigrin, whereas quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin were not detected. In silico studies identified neobrassicin as having the highest affinity (∆Gbind: −19.3358 kcal/mol) for PDE1B. However, quercetin (∆Gbind: −13.1813 kcal/mol) and chlorogenic acid (∆Gbind: −14.8706 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate interaction with PDE1B. Conclusion: These results suggest that WCE has the potency to improve memory function by blocking PDE1B, and this preliminary study implies upcoming in vitro and in vivo research.

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to compare the coronary heart disease between male and female, aged 30 to upto 60 years hailing at Khulna city in Bangladesh, during may, 2014 to November, 2014. Methods and Results: Data were collected by questionnaires on the basis of sex, age, smoking, body mass index and presence or absence of other diseases like kidney and diabetes and then compared between them. 69.1 % Males were found more vulnerable to coronary heart disease than 30.9 % females because their food intake pattern, nutritional status, physical activity and life style. Between 69.1 % male and 30.9 % female; 15.8% male and 1.7% female are in obese, 40.8% male and 13,3% female are overweight, 12.5% male and 9.2 % female are normal where 6.7% female are malnourished and 55.8% male and 24.2% female have hypertension and 60.8% male and 22.5% female are suffer from diabetics and 35.8% male and 22.5% female respondents gain heart disease from family and 54.1% male do smoke all time and 10.0% male respondents intake excess cholesterol and 24.1% male and 19.1% female intake excess cholesterol in sometimes and 30.3% male and 3.3% female have tend on uncooked salt where 27.1% male and 18.4% female have no tend on uncooked salt and 11.7% male and 9.2 % female have tend on uncooked salt for sometimes and 6.7% male are usually drink alcohol and 19.1% male and 9.2% female patients gain LDL cholesterol level above 100 mg/dl and finally 42.5% male and 13.3% female patients gain LDL cholesterol level below 100 mg/dl. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that males are more vulnerable to coronary heart disease than females.

Background: In present study focused on to detect the effect of BMI, food preference, and working pattern on coronary heart disease aged between (30-80) years old male and female in southern region of Bangladesh. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires on the basis of sex, age, BMI, physical activity, hypertension, family history, food preferences, lipid profile test, smoking habit and presence or absence of other disease like diabetes. All data were analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 240 respondents of male and female diagnosed by coronary heart disease were selected randomly to collected data. Among them male were 188 and 52 were female. This study also indicates that increased body weight, hypertension, smoking, sedentary life style related factors, including poor dietary habits, excess saturated and trans fat, high salt intake, and low-level physical activity may be important as well and family history of cardiac diseases are influential risk factors for CHD. Most of patients’ affected by excessive overweight; 60.1 % male and 61.5 % female were suffer from diabetics which proved that Diabetic is often liable to affect CHD; 62.2 % male and 65.4 % female respondents gain heart disease from family; On the contrary the rate of CHD affected male were 73.40 % who were involved in normal physical activity level; 56.9 % male do smoke all time; Conclusion: This study demonstrates that increasing body weight, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits or food preferences, poor lifestyle is correlated with CHD and males are more vulnerable to CHD than females.