Pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) is the main mode of transgene flow in flowering plants. The study of pollen and gene flow of transgenic wheat can help to establish the corresponding strategy for preventing transgene escape and contamination between compatible genotypes in wheat. To investigate the pollen dispersal and gene flow frequency in various directions and distances around the pollen source and detect the association between frequency of transgene flow and pollen density from transgenic wheat, a concentric circle design was adopted to conduct a field experiment using transgenic wheat with resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) as the pollen donor and dwarf male-sterile wheat as the pollen receptor. The results showed that the pollen and gene flow of transgenic wheat varied significantly among the different compass sectors. A higher pollen density and gene flow frequency was observed in the downwind SW and W sectors, with average frequencies of transgene flow of 26.37 and 23.69% respectively. The pollen and gene flow of transgenic wheat declined dramatically with increasing distance from its source. Most of the pollen grains concentrated within 5 m and only a few pollen grains were detected beyond 30 m. The percentage of transgene flow was the highest where adjacent to the pollen source, with an average of 48.24% for all eight compass directions at 0 m distance. Transgene flow was reduced to 50% and 95% between 1.61 to 3.15 m, and 10.71 to 20.93 m, respectively. Our results suggest that climate conditions, especially wind direction, may significantly affect pollen dispersal and gene flow of wheat. The isolation-by-distance model is one of the most effective methods for achieving stringent transgene confinement in wheat. The frequency of transgene flow is directly correlated with the relative density of GM pollen grains in air currents, and pollen competition may be a major factor influencing transgene flow.

Accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and understanding its ecological drivers are vital for carbon monitoring and sustainable forest management. However, AGB estimation using remote sensing is hindered by signal saturation in high-biomass areas and insufficient attention to ecological structural factors. Focusing on Guangdong Province, this study proposes a novel approach that spatially extrapolates airborne LiDAR-derived Forest structural parameters and integrates them with Sentinel-1/2 data to construct an AGB prediction model. Results show that incorporating structural parameters significantly reduces saturation effects, improving prediction accuracy and AGB maximum range in high-AGB regions (R² from 0.724 to 0.811; RMSE = 10.64 Mg/ha; max AGB > 180 Mg/ha). Using multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), we further examined the spatial influence of forest type, age structure, and species mixture. Forest age showed a strong positive correlation with AGB in over 95% of the area, particularly in mountainous and hilly regions (coefficients up to 1.23). Species mixture had positive effects in 87.7% of the region, especially in the north and parts of the south. Natural forests consistently exhibited higher AGB than plantations, with differences amplifying at later successional stages. Highly mixed natural forests showed faster biomass accumulation and higher steady-state AGB, highlighting the regulatory role of structural complexity and successional maturity. This study not only mitigates remote sensing saturation issues but also deepens understanding of spatial and ecological drivers of AGB, offering theoretical and technical support for targeted carbon stock assessment and forest management strategies.

We report the characterization of 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, a pest registered in the list of “100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species”. The fast isolation by AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) method was used to isolate microsatellite loci, and polymorphism was explored with 29 individuals collected in an invasive region from China. These primers showed a number of alleles per locus ranging from three to 13. The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.310–0.966 and 0.523–0.898, respectively. These microsatellite markers described here will be useful for population genetic studies of P. canaliculata.

A novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain PC-2T, was isolated from penicillin fermentation fungi residue with pig manure co-compost in China. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, revealed that strain PC-2T should be assigned to the genus Chelatococcus and that it had 98.9 % similarity with Chelatococcus daeguensis , 98.8 % with Chelatococcus sambhunathii , 98.4 %, with Chelatococcus caeni and 96.0 % with Chelatococcus asaccharovorans . The G+C content of genomic DNA was 70.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness values, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strain PC-2 T represents a novel species of the genus Chelatococcus , for which the name Chelatococcus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PC-2T (=DSM 101465T=CGMCC 1.15283T).